Conductive Polymer-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors

Conductive Polymer-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors

12 July 2024 | Dinakaran Thirumalai, Madhappan Santhamoorthy, Seong-Cheol Kim, Hyo-Ryoung Lim
This review article discusses the recent advancements in polymer-hydrogel-based wearable electrochemical biosensors, focusing on conductive polymer-based hydrogels (CP HGs). CP HGs combine the advantages of hydrogels, such as flexibility and biocompatibility, with the electrical conductivity of conductive polymers. The article highlights the challenges in developing wearable sensors, including limited strain-sensing range, hysteresis in sensing signals, and functional failure due to dehydration. It reviews the fabrication methods of CP HGs, including copolymerization, blending/doping, and advanced techniques like 3D printing. The electrical, mechanical, and self-healing properties of CP HGs are discussed, emphasizing their potential for wearable applications. The article also explores the integration of nanomaterials, such as metals, metal oxides, and carbon-based materials, to enhance the performance of CP HGs in non-enzymatic sensors. Finally, the review covers the applications of CP HG-based biosensors in glucose and lactate monitoring, highlighting their advantages in non-invasive, real-time monitoring of physiological parameters.This review article discusses the recent advancements in polymer-hydrogel-based wearable electrochemical biosensors, focusing on conductive polymer-based hydrogels (CP HGs). CP HGs combine the advantages of hydrogels, such as flexibility and biocompatibility, with the electrical conductivity of conductive polymers. The article highlights the challenges in developing wearable sensors, including limited strain-sensing range, hysteresis in sensing signals, and functional failure due to dehydration. It reviews the fabrication methods of CP HGs, including copolymerization, blending/doping, and advanced techniques like 3D printing. The electrical, mechanical, and self-healing properties of CP HGs are discussed, emphasizing their potential for wearable applications. The article also explores the integration of nanomaterials, such as metals, metal oxides, and carbon-based materials, to enhance the performance of CP HGs in non-enzymatic sensors. Finally, the review covers the applications of CP HG-based biosensors in glucose and lactate monitoring, highlighting their advantages in non-invasive, real-time monitoring of physiological parameters.
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Understanding Conductive Polymer-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors