Consensual Qualitative Research: An Update

Consensual Qualitative Research: An Update

April 2005 | Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox, Barbara J. Thompson, Elizabeth Nutt Williams, Shirley A. Hess, Nicholas Ladany
Clara E. Hill and colleagues reviewed 27 studies using consensual qualitative research (CQR) since its introduction in 1997. They examined how CQR has been applied in terms of the consensus process, biases, research teams, data collection, data analysis, and writing up results. They identified areas needing modification and concluded that CQR is a viable qualitative method. CQR integrates features of existing methods, emphasizing consensus among judges, multiple perspectives, and rigorous data analysis. It is constructivist with some postpositivist elements, valuing participant input and minimizing researcher bias. The method involves open-ended questions, multiple judges, consensus, auditors, and cross-analysis. The authors recommend that researchers report potential biases, use appropriate team compositions, and ensure data collection and analysis are thorough. They also suggest that data be presented clearly, with examples and case studies to enhance understanding. CQR is suitable for in-depth studies of individual experiences and events not previously studied. However, it requires significant time and effort, and combining findings across studies is challenging. Overall, CQR is a robust method for qualitative research.Clara E. Hill and colleagues reviewed 27 studies using consensual qualitative research (CQR) since its introduction in 1997. They examined how CQR has been applied in terms of the consensus process, biases, research teams, data collection, data analysis, and writing up results. They identified areas needing modification and concluded that CQR is a viable qualitative method. CQR integrates features of existing methods, emphasizing consensus among judges, multiple perspectives, and rigorous data analysis. It is constructivist with some postpositivist elements, valuing participant input and minimizing researcher bias. The method involves open-ended questions, multiple judges, consensus, auditors, and cross-analysis. The authors recommend that researchers report potential biases, use appropriate team compositions, and ensure data collection and analysis are thorough. They also suggest that data be presented clearly, with examples and case studies to enhance understanding. CQR is suitable for in-depth studies of individual experiences and events not previously studied. However, it requires significant time and effort, and combining findings across studies is challenging. Overall, CQR is a robust method for qualitative research.
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