The paper "Conservation Planning for Ecosystem Services" by Chan et al. explores the integration of ecosystem services into conservation planning, focusing on the Central Coast ecoregion of California. The authors use a spatially explicit conservation planning framework to examine the trade-offs and opportunities between biodiversity conservation and six ecosystem services: carbon storage, flood control, forage production, outdoor recreation, crop pollination, and water provision. They find weak positive and some weak negative associations between priority areas for biodiversity conservation and the flows of these ecosystem services. Excluding crop pollination and forage production eliminates all negative correlations. The study compares the effectiveness of four different conservation network designs in protecting biodiversity and ecosystem services, finding that biodiversity conservation alone protects substantial collateral flows of services. Targeting ecosystem services directly can meet multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity goals more efficiently but cannot substitute for targeted biodiversity protection. The authors present an initial analytical framework for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services in conservation planning and illustrate its application, highlighting the potential for valuable synergies between the two.The paper "Conservation Planning for Ecosystem Services" by Chan et al. explores the integration of ecosystem services into conservation planning, focusing on the Central Coast ecoregion of California. The authors use a spatially explicit conservation planning framework to examine the trade-offs and opportunities between biodiversity conservation and six ecosystem services: carbon storage, flood control, forage production, outdoor recreation, crop pollination, and water provision. They find weak positive and some weak negative associations between priority areas for biodiversity conservation and the flows of these ecosystem services. Excluding crop pollination and forage production eliminates all negative correlations. The study compares the effectiveness of four different conservation network designs in protecting biodiversity and ecosystem services, finding that biodiversity conservation alone protects substantial collateral flows of services. Targeting ecosystem services directly can meet multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity goals more efficiently but cannot substitute for targeted biodiversity protection. The authors present an initial analytical framework for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services in conservation planning and illustrate its application, highlighting the potential for valuable synergies between the two.