Consistent Theories for the DESI dark energy fit

Consistent Theories for the DESI dark energy fit

9 Jul 2024 | Alessio Notari, Michele Redi, Andrea Tesi
This paper explores the implications of DESI data for evolving dark energy, focusing on the cosmological fit of DESI, Planck, and Supernovae data. The authors investigate physically consistent realizations of dark energy that deviate from the standard Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization, which suggests a time-dependent equation of state \( w_{\text{eff}} \). They find that adding a cosmological constant to the CPL parametrization allows for regions of parameter space that still favor \( w_{\text{eff}} < -1 \) at early times, which is challenging to realize in consistent theories. To address this, they consider higher-order terms in the Taylor expansion of the equation of state around the present epoch, finding that these terms are weakly constrained. This opens the possibility of scenarios where the equation of state remains \( w_{\text{eff}} > -1 \) at all times, potentially through quintessence models. The authors introduce the "ramp" model, where dark energy coincides with CPL at late times and approaches a cosmological constant at early times. This model provides a better fit to the data than the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) model and is only slightly worse than the \( w_0 w_a \) Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model. The ramp model is described by a simple and theoretically consistent lagrangian of a canonical quintessence model, making it a promising candidate for a consistent theory of evolving dark energy. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for future cosmological surveys, such as DESI, Euclid, and upcoming supernovae measurements, and emphasizes the need for further data to confirm the existence of evolving dark energy.This paper explores the implications of DESI data for evolving dark energy, focusing on the cosmological fit of DESI, Planck, and Supernovae data. The authors investigate physically consistent realizations of dark energy that deviate from the standard Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization, which suggests a time-dependent equation of state \( w_{\text{eff}} \). They find that adding a cosmological constant to the CPL parametrization allows for regions of parameter space that still favor \( w_{\text{eff}} < -1 \) at early times, which is challenging to realize in consistent theories. To address this, they consider higher-order terms in the Taylor expansion of the equation of state around the present epoch, finding that these terms are weakly constrained. This opens the possibility of scenarios where the equation of state remains \( w_{\text{eff}} > -1 \) at all times, potentially through quintessence models. The authors introduce the "ramp" model, where dark energy coincides with CPL at late times and approaches a cosmological constant at early times. This model provides a better fit to the data than the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) model and is only slightly worse than the \( w_0 w_a \) Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model. The ramp model is described by a simple and theoretically consistent lagrangian of a canonical quintessence model, making it a promising candidate for a consistent theory of evolving dark energy. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for future cosmological surveys, such as DESI, Euclid, and upcoming supernovae measurements, and emphasizes the need for further data to confirm the existence of evolving dark energy.
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