The paper "Container terminal operation and operations research – a classification and literature review" by Dirk Steenken, Stefan Voß, and Robert Stahlbock provides an overview of the importance of containerization in international sea freight transportation. Over the past four decades, container terminals have become increasingly significant due to the growing containerization trend and competition among seaports. The authors highlight the critical role of information technology and optimization methods in enhancing the efficiency of container terminal operations. They classify the main logistics processes and operations in container terminals and survey various methods for their optimization, including heuristics and simulation techniques. The introduction also provides a historical overview of containerization, noting its rapid growth since the 1960s, and discusses the standardization of containers and their advantages in terms of handling, protection, and scheduling. The paper emphasizes the economic efficiency and market share growth of container shipping, with over 60% of world deep-sea general cargo now transported in containers.The paper "Container terminal operation and operations research – a classification and literature review" by Dirk Steenken, Stefan Voß, and Robert Stahlbock provides an overview of the importance of containerization in international sea freight transportation. Over the past four decades, container terminals have become increasingly significant due to the growing containerization trend and competition among seaports. The authors highlight the critical role of information technology and optimization methods in enhancing the efficiency of container terminal operations. They classify the main logistics processes and operations in container terminals and survey various methods for their optimization, including heuristics and simulation techniques. The introduction also provides a historical overview of containerization, noting its rapid growth since the 1960s, and discusses the standardization of containers and their advantages in terms of handling, protection, and scheduling. The paper emphasizes the economic efficiency and market share growth of container shipping, with over 60% of world deep-sea general cargo now transported in containers.