Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), also known as idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL), is a rapid decline in hearing that requires immediate medical attention. It is characterized by a hearing loss of at least 30 dB in three consecutive frequencies within three days, often accompanied by symptoms such as tinnitus, vertigo, and aural fullness. The exact cause of SSNHL is often unknown, though it can be associated with viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and vascular issues. Despite extensive research, a significant proportion of cases remain idiopathic, meaning the cause cannot be identified. The management of SSNHL typically involves systemic corticosteroids, which are considered the first-line treatment due to their anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effectiveness of corticosteroids remains debated, with some studies suggesting that natural recovery can occur without treatment. Intratympanic corticosteroids are used as an alternative or adjunct to systemic steroids, particularly in cases where systemic treatment is not effective. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is also considered as an option, especially for patients with moderate to severe hearing loss, as it may enhance recovery. Other potential treatments include antioxidants, vasoactive agents, and various supplements, though their efficacy is still under investigation. Combination therapies involving steroids, intratympanic corticosteroids, and HBOT are being explored to improve outcomes. Prognosis for SSNHL is influenced by factors such as the timing of treatment, the severity of hearing loss, the presence of vertigo, and the patient's age. Early treatment is generally associated with better recovery rates, though natural recovery can occur in up to two-thirds of cases without treatment. In children and the elderly, SSNHL presents unique challenges. In children, the prognosis can be more favorable, but the condition can significantly impact speech and language development. In the elderly, the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia can worsen outcomes. Prognostic models and artificial intelligence are being developed to predict recovery outcomes more accurately. Overall, while corticosteroids remain a mainstay of treatment, ongoing research is needed to determine the most effective and evidence-based approaches for managing SSNHL.Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), also known as idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL), is a rapid decline in hearing that requires immediate medical attention. It is characterized by a hearing loss of at least 30 dB in three consecutive frequencies within three days, often accompanied by symptoms such as tinnitus, vertigo, and aural fullness. The exact cause of SSNHL is often unknown, though it can be associated with viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and vascular issues. Despite extensive research, a significant proportion of cases remain idiopathic, meaning the cause cannot be identified. The management of SSNHL typically involves systemic corticosteroids, which are considered the first-line treatment due to their anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effectiveness of corticosteroids remains debated, with some studies suggesting that natural recovery can occur without treatment. Intratympanic corticosteroids are used as an alternative or adjunct to systemic steroids, particularly in cases where systemic treatment is not effective. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is also considered as an option, especially for patients with moderate to severe hearing loss, as it may enhance recovery. Other potential treatments include antioxidants, vasoactive agents, and various supplements, though their efficacy is still under investigation. Combination therapies involving steroids, intratympanic corticosteroids, and HBOT are being explored to improve outcomes. Prognosis for SSNHL is influenced by factors such as the timing of treatment, the severity of hearing loss, the presence of vertigo, and the patient's age. Early treatment is generally associated with better recovery rates, though natural recovery can occur in up to two-thirds of cases without treatment. In children and the elderly, SSNHL presents unique challenges. In children, the prognosis can be more favorable, but the condition can significantly impact speech and language development. In the elderly, the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia can worsen outcomes. Prognostic models and artificial intelligence are being developed to predict recovery outcomes more accurately. Overall, while corticosteroids remain a mainstay of treatment, ongoing research is needed to determine the most effective and evidence-based approaches for managing SSNHL.