This study presents a method for continuously operating large-scale neutral-atom arrays in optical lattices, enabling the storage and maintenance of arrays with over 1000 atoms. The approach involves recycling atoms from one experimental run to the next while continuously reloading and adding atoms to the array. By doing so, the researchers achieve a dense array with a cycle time of 2.5 seconds and a net reloading of about 130 atoms per cycle. The method allows for the continuous operation of arrays with thousands of atoms, significantly improving the efficiency of assembling and maintaining large ordered arrays. The key components of the method include a continuously operated storage zone in an optical lattice, which is periodically replenished from a loading zone and a magneto-optical trap (MOT). A bichromatic combination of loading and storage arrays is used to achieve excellent spatial control over the loading zone, suppressing loading of sites in the storage register. The researchers demonstrate that they can continuously maintain large arrays by simply reloading atoms that are lost from one cycle to the next. The study also addresses the challenge of atom loss during the reloading process, showing that the shelving of atoms in the metastable $ ^{3}P_{0} $ state significantly reduces the loss. The researchers use a combination of light at 689 nm and 688 nm to drive the $ ^{1}S_{0} \rightarrow ^{3}P_{1} \rightarrow ^{3}S_{1} $ transition, and an additional repumper beam at 707 nm to make the $ ^{3}P_{0} $ state the only dark state. This results in a high shelving fraction of 97% after 10 ms of pumping. The study also demonstrates the ability to rearrange newly loaded atoms to vacancies in the target array using a pair of acousto-optic deflectors (AODs). The researchers show that moving atoms between lattice sites can significantly reduce heating effects, leading to a higher success probability in atom moves. The optimal resorting procedure involves a five-stroke move pattern, which allows for efficient and controlled movement of atoms between lattice sites. The continuous operation of the array is demonstrated over more than an hour, with the number of atoms stored in the array remaining above 1000 for most of the operation time. The study shows that the cycle loss and resorting loss are critical factors in determining the efficiency of the continuous operation. The researchers extract parameters such as the loading fraction, resorting move success probability, and shelved survival fraction to quantify the performance of the system. The study concludes that the proposed method enables the continuous operation of large-scale atom arrays, which has significant implications for quantum simulation, quantum computing, and quantum metrology. The results demonstrate a paradigm shift in the operation of quantum simulators and quantum computers based on neutral atoms, allowing for the iterative assembly and continuous operation of arrays withThis study presents a method for continuously operating large-scale neutral-atom arrays in optical lattices, enabling the storage and maintenance of arrays with over 1000 atoms. The approach involves recycling atoms from one experimental run to the next while continuously reloading and adding atoms to the array. By doing so, the researchers achieve a dense array with a cycle time of 2.5 seconds and a net reloading of about 130 atoms per cycle. The method allows for the continuous operation of arrays with thousands of atoms, significantly improving the efficiency of assembling and maintaining large ordered arrays. The key components of the method include a continuously operated storage zone in an optical lattice, which is periodically replenished from a loading zone and a magneto-optical trap (MOT). A bichromatic combination of loading and storage arrays is used to achieve excellent spatial control over the loading zone, suppressing loading of sites in the storage register. The researchers demonstrate that they can continuously maintain large arrays by simply reloading atoms that are lost from one cycle to the next. The study also addresses the challenge of atom loss during the reloading process, showing that the shelving of atoms in the metastable $ ^{3}P_{0} $ state significantly reduces the loss. The researchers use a combination of light at 689 nm and 688 nm to drive the $ ^{1}S_{0} \rightarrow ^{3}P_{1} \rightarrow ^{3}S_{1} $ transition, and an additional repumper beam at 707 nm to make the $ ^{3}P_{0} $ state the only dark state. This results in a high shelving fraction of 97% after 10 ms of pumping. The study also demonstrates the ability to rearrange newly loaded atoms to vacancies in the target array using a pair of acousto-optic deflectors (AODs). The researchers show that moving atoms between lattice sites can significantly reduce heating effects, leading to a higher success probability in atom moves. The optimal resorting procedure involves a five-stroke move pattern, which allows for efficient and controlled movement of atoms between lattice sites. The continuous operation of the array is demonstrated over more than an hour, with the number of atoms stored in the array remaining above 1000 for most of the operation time. The study shows that the cycle loss and resorting loss are critical factors in determining the efficiency of the continuous operation. The researchers extract parameters such as the loading fraction, resorting move success probability, and shelved survival fraction to quantify the performance of the system. The study concludes that the proposed method enables the continuous operation of large-scale atom arrays, which has significant implications for quantum simulation, quantum computing, and quantum metrology. The results demonstrate a paradigm shift in the operation of quantum simulators and quantum computers based on neutral atoms, allowing for the iterative assembly and continuous operation of arrays with