February 13, 2024 | Flavien Gyger, Maximilian Ammenwerth, Renhao Tao, Hendrik Timme, Stepan Snigirev, Immanuel Bloch, Johannes Zeiher
The paper presents a novel method for continuously operating large-scale atom arrays in optical lattices, addressing the challenge of increasing preparation times with system size. The authors demonstrate a technique to recycle atoms from one experimental run to the next, continuously reloading and adding atoms to the array. This approach allows for the creation and maintenance of densely packed arrays with over 1000 atoms, continuously refilled with a cycle time of 2.5 seconds and about 130 atoms reloaded per cycle. The method involves a continuously operated storage zone in the optical lattice, periodically replenished from a loading zone and a MOT. The authors achieve excellent spatial control over the loading zone, suppressing loading in the storage register. They also detail the process of shelving atoms in the metastable state and selectively heating the lattice to remove ground-state atoms, ensuring high-fidelity and low-loss detection. The continuous operation of the array is validated through detailed characterization, showing that the number of atoms in the array remains above 1000 for most of the operation time. The study paves the way for quantum science with large, ordered atomic arrays containing thousands of atoms in continuous operation.The paper presents a novel method for continuously operating large-scale atom arrays in optical lattices, addressing the challenge of increasing preparation times with system size. The authors demonstrate a technique to recycle atoms from one experimental run to the next, continuously reloading and adding atoms to the array. This approach allows for the creation and maintenance of densely packed arrays with over 1000 atoms, continuously refilled with a cycle time of 2.5 seconds and about 130 atoms reloaded per cycle. The method involves a continuously operated storage zone in the optical lattice, periodically replenished from a loading zone and a MOT. The authors achieve excellent spatial control over the loading zone, suppressing loading in the storage register. They also detail the process of shelving atoms in the metastable state and selectively heating the lattice to remove ground-state atoms, ensuring high-fidelity and low-loss detection. The continuous operation of the array is validated through detailed characterization, showing that the number of atoms in the array remains above 1000 for most of the operation time. The study paves the way for quantum science with large, ordered atomic arrays containing thousands of atoms in continuous operation.