The article discusses the reversible hydrogenation of graphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms with a hexagonal lattice, to transform it from a highly conductive semimetal to an insulator. The authors expose graphene to atomic hydrogen, which changes the hybridization from sp² to sp³, removing the conducting π-bands and opening an energy gap. This process is reversible, and the original metallic state can be restored by annealing. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the material retains the hexagonal lattice but with a shorter period, indicating a new graphene-based derivative. The study also explores the electronic and phonon properties of hydrogenated graphene, supporting the concept of chemical modification of graphene. The results demonstrate the potential for creating novel graphene-based materials with designed electronic and other properties, opening up new avenues for applications in electronics and other fields.The article discusses the reversible hydrogenation of graphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms with a hexagonal lattice, to transform it from a highly conductive semimetal to an insulator. The authors expose graphene to atomic hydrogen, which changes the hybridization from sp² to sp³, removing the conducting π-bands and opening an energy gap. This process is reversible, and the original metallic state can be restored by annealing. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the material retains the hexagonal lattice but with a shorter period, indicating a new graphene-based derivative. The study also explores the electronic and phonon properties of hydrogenated graphene, supporting the concept of chemical modification of graphene. The results demonstrate the potential for creating novel graphene-based materials with designed electronic and other properties, opening up new avenues for applications in electronics and other fields.