26 January 2024 | Karthick Sekar, Raphaël Doineau, Sasikumar Mayarambakam, Bruno Schmaltz, Guyline Poulin-Vittrant
This review article discusses the control of ZnO nanowire (NW) growth in flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs). ZnO NWs are promising electron-transporting layers (ETLs) due to their high electron mobility, ease of solution processing, and ability to facilitate efficient charge transfer. However, achieving uniform and well-aligned ZnO NWs on flexible substrates remains a challenge. Key parameters influencing ZnO NW growth include the growth method (time, temperature, precursor concentration), seed layer properties (thickness, roughness, annealing temperature), and substrate type (rigid or flexible). The review summarizes techniques for controlling ZnO NW properties, such as hydrothermal growth, seed layer use, and precursor concentration. It also highlights the role of ZnO NWs in FPSCs and their impact on device performance. The article discusses the importance of seed layer properties, such as thickness and surface roughness, in achieving uniform ZnO NWs. It also explores the effect of growth time on NW properties, including length, diameter, and density. The chemical precursor concentration is shown to significantly influence ZnO NW growth, with higher concentrations leading to longer and thicker NWs. The review also covers the role of ZnO NWs in FPSCs, including their impact on charge transfer and device stability. The article highlights the potential of ZnO NWs in flexible solar cells, noting that their performance has improved from 2.6% to up to 15% in recent years. However, challenges remain in achieving comparable performance to rigid substrate-based devices. The review concludes with a discussion of future directions, including optimizing ZnO NW properties, improving flexible substrate/seed layer interfaces, and enhancing perovskite absorber layers. The study emphasizes the importance of controlling ZnO NW growth parameters to achieve high-performance FPSCs.This review article discusses the control of ZnO nanowire (NW) growth in flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs). ZnO NWs are promising electron-transporting layers (ETLs) due to their high electron mobility, ease of solution processing, and ability to facilitate efficient charge transfer. However, achieving uniform and well-aligned ZnO NWs on flexible substrates remains a challenge. Key parameters influencing ZnO NW growth include the growth method (time, temperature, precursor concentration), seed layer properties (thickness, roughness, annealing temperature), and substrate type (rigid or flexible). The review summarizes techniques for controlling ZnO NW properties, such as hydrothermal growth, seed layer use, and precursor concentration. It also highlights the role of ZnO NWs in FPSCs and their impact on device performance. The article discusses the importance of seed layer properties, such as thickness and surface roughness, in achieving uniform ZnO NWs. It also explores the effect of growth time on NW properties, including length, diameter, and density. The chemical precursor concentration is shown to significantly influence ZnO NW growth, with higher concentrations leading to longer and thicker NWs. The review also covers the role of ZnO NWs in FPSCs, including their impact on charge transfer and device stability. The article highlights the potential of ZnO NWs in flexible solar cells, noting that their performance has improved from 2.6% to up to 15% in recent years. However, challenges remain in achieving comparable performance to rigid substrate-based devices. The review concludes with a discussion of future directions, including optimizing ZnO NW properties, improving flexible substrate/seed layer interfaces, and enhancing perovskite absorber layers. The study emphasizes the importance of controlling ZnO NW growth parameters to achieve high-performance FPSCs.