This study investigates the characteristics of particles influenced by biomass burning in the Northern Territory of Australia, using airborne measurements conducted during June and September 2003, representing the early and late dry seasons, respectively. The measurements were taken along horizontal flight tracks at various altitudes to understand particle concentration levels and their variations within the lower boundary layer (LBL), upper boundary layer (UBL), and free troposphere (FT). The results show that particle concentrations were lower in the early dry season compared to the late dry season. During the June campaign, particle concentrations in the LBL, UBL, and FT were (685 ± 245) particles/cm³, (365 ± 183) particles/cm³, and (495 ± 45) particles/cm³, respectively. For the September campaign, these values were (1233 ± 274) particles/cm³, (651 ± 68) particles/cm³, and (568 ± 70) particles/cm³, respectively. The particle size distribution measurements indicate that there was no significant change in particle size distribution below and above the boundary layer during the late dry season, suggesting some penetration of biomass burning particles into the upper boundary layer. In the free troposphere, particle concentrations and sizes were similar for both campaigns, indicating long-range transport or particle production due to sulfuric acid condensation. The study highlights the importance of understanding biomass burning emissions for climate change forecasting and air quality management.This study investigates the characteristics of particles influenced by biomass burning in the Northern Territory of Australia, using airborne measurements conducted during June and September 2003, representing the early and late dry seasons, respectively. The measurements were taken along horizontal flight tracks at various altitudes to understand particle concentration levels and their variations within the lower boundary layer (LBL), upper boundary layer (UBL), and free troposphere (FT). The results show that particle concentrations were lower in the early dry season compared to the late dry season. During the June campaign, particle concentrations in the LBL, UBL, and FT were (685 ± 245) particles/cm³, (365 ± 183) particles/cm³, and (495 ± 45) particles/cm³, respectively. For the September campaign, these values were (1233 ± 274) particles/cm³, (651 ± 68) particles/cm³, and (568 ± 70) particles/cm³, respectively. The particle size distribution measurements indicate that there was no significant change in particle size distribution below and above the boundary layer during the late dry season, suggesting some penetration of biomass burning particles into the upper boundary layer. In the free troposphere, particle concentrations and sizes were similar for both campaigns, indicating long-range transport or particle production due to sulfuric acid condensation. The study highlights the importance of understanding biomass burning emissions for climate change forecasting and air quality management.