Coronaviruses are a diverse group of viruses that infect birds and mammals, including humans, causing a range of diseases from mild to severe. The subfamily *Coronavirinae* has primarily been associated with economically significant diseases in farm animals and domesticated pets. Human coronaviruses, such as HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E, were initially considered minor causes of the common cold. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV in 2003, which caused a global outbreak, shifted the focus on coronaviruses as emerging pathogens. Since then, three new human coronaviruses, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and MERS-CoV, have been identified. SARS-CoV is the most aggressive human coronavirus, causing a severe respiratory syndrome with a high mortality rate. It spread globally through international air travel, leading to 8,098 cases and 774 deaths in 26 countries. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through close person-to-person contact. It affects multiple organs, particularly the lungs, causing diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) that varies in severity based on the duration of illness. The clinical course of SARS follows a typical pattern, with an influenza-like prodrome in the first week and progressive respiratory distress in the second week. Chest radiographic and CT changes are common, and the disease can lead to severe respiratory failure and death. There is no specific treatment or vaccine for SARS, and supportive care remains the primary therapy. Efforts to develop a vaccine have been ongoing, but challenges remain due to the virus's frequent mutations and the need to avoid immunopathogenic mechanisms. Currently, the world is in an interepidemic period for SARS, and the risk of resurgence remains high. Early detection, isolation, and infection control measures are crucial for containing potential outbreaks.Coronaviruses are a diverse group of viruses that infect birds and mammals, including humans, causing a range of diseases from mild to severe. The subfamily *Coronavirinae* has primarily been associated with economically significant diseases in farm animals and domesticated pets. Human coronaviruses, such as HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E, were initially considered minor causes of the common cold. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV in 2003, which caused a global outbreak, shifted the focus on coronaviruses as emerging pathogens. Since then, three new human coronaviruses, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and MERS-CoV, have been identified. SARS-CoV is the most aggressive human coronavirus, causing a severe respiratory syndrome with a high mortality rate. It spread globally through international air travel, leading to 8,098 cases and 774 deaths in 26 countries. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through close person-to-person contact. It affects multiple organs, particularly the lungs, causing diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) that varies in severity based on the duration of illness. The clinical course of SARS follows a typical pattern, with an influenza-like prodrome in the first week and progressive respiratory distress in the second week. Chest radiographic and CT changes are common, and the disease can lead to severe respiratory failure and death. There is no specific treatment or vaccine for SARS, and supportive care remains the primary therapy. Efforts to develop a vaccine have been ongoing, but challenges remain due to the virus's frequent mutations and the need to avoid immunopathogenic mechanisms. Currently, the world is in an interepidemic period for SARS, and the risk of resurgence remains high. Early detection, isolation, and infection control measures are crucial for containing potential outbreaks.