This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the immune responses to coronavirus (CoV) infections, focusing on both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. It begins by discussing the emergence and characteristics of CoVs, highlighting their global impact and the threat they pose to human health. The article then delves into the innate immune response, detailing the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs), and cytoplasmic DNA receptors. These receptors play a crucial role in recognizing viral components and initiating inflammatory responses. The article also examines the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and the functions of dendritic cells (DCs) in mounting an effective immune response. The adaptive immune response is explored in detail, with a focus on T cell and B cell responses. T cells, particularly CD8+ T cells, are highlighted for their critical role in controlling viral infections and preventing tissue damage. The article discusses the mechanisms by which T cells recognize and respond to viral antigens, as well as the production of cytokines and chemokines that guide immune responses. B cells are also discussed, emphasizing their role in antibody production and the development of humoral immunity. The article concludes by discussing the limitations of current treatments and the potential for targeted immunotherapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, to combat CoV infections. It emphasizes the need for further research to understand the temporal aspects of CoV-induced inflammatory responses and to develop effective therapeutic strategies.This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the immune responses to coronavirus (CoV) infections, focusing on both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. It begins by discussing the emergence and characteristics of CoVs, highlighting their global impact and the threat they pose to human health. The article then delves into the innate immune response, detailing the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs), and cytoplasmic DNA receptors. These receptors play a crucial role in recognizing viral components and initiating inflammatory responses. The article also examines the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and the functions of dendritic cells (DCs) in mounting an effective immune response. The adaptive immune response is explored in detail, with a focus on T cell and B cell responses. T cells, particularly CD8+ T cells, are highlighted for their critical role in controlling viral infections and preventing tissue damage. The article discusses the mechanisms by which T cells recognize and respond to viral antigens, as well as the production of cytokines and chemokines that guide immune responses. B cells are also discussed, emphasizing their role in antibody production and the development of humoral immunity. The article concludes by discussing the limitations of current treatments and the potential for targeted immunotherapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, to combat CoV infections. It emphasizes the need for further research to understand the temporal aspects of CoV-induced inflammatory responses and to develop effective therapeutic strategies.