This review provides an update on the mechanisms of coronavirus replication, interactions with the host immune response, and disease pathogenesis. Coronaviruses, which gained prominence during the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak, are pleomorphic, enveloped viruses that can cause respiratory and enteric infections in animals and humans. The review highlights recent advances in understanding coronavirus replication, including the structure and function of viral proteins, the role of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) in replication, and the evasion of the innate immune response. It also discusses the cross-species transmission of coronaviruses, the immunopathology associated with coronavirus infections, and the development of animal models for studying SARS. The review emphasizes the importance of further research to understand viral pathogenesis and to develop effective vaccines and therapies.This review provides an update on the mechanisms of coronavirus replication, interactions with the host immune response, and disease pathogenesis. Coronaviruses, which gained prominence during the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak, are pleomorphic, enveloped viruses that can cause respiratory and enteric infections in animals and humans. The review highlights recent advances in understanding coronavirus replication, including the structure and function of viral proteins, the role of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) in replication, and the evasion of the innate immune response. It also discusses the cross-species transmission of coronaviruses, the immunopathology associated with coronavirus infections, and the development of animal models for studying SARS. The review emphasizes the importance of further research to understand viral pathogenesis and to develop effective vaccines and therapies.