This critical review examines the relationship between vegetable and fruit consumption and the prevention of chronic diseases. The study evaluates the evidence from various epidemiological studies on the association between increased consumption of vegetables and fruits and the risk of diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and several inflammatory and degenerative conditions. The review finds convincing evidence that increasing vegetable and fruit intake reduces the risk of hypertension, CHD, and stroke. Probable evidence suggests an inverse association between consumption and cancer risk, with possible evidence indicating potential benefits in preventing weight gain and certain eye diseases, dementia, and osteoporosis. However, there is insufficient evidence for an association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. The review concludes that a high daily intake of vegetables and fruits promotes health and supports national campaigns to increase consumption, which is a preferable strategy to reduce the burden of chronic diseases in Western societies.This critical review examines the relationship between vegetable and fruit consumption and the prevention of chronic diseases. The study evaluates the evidence from various epidemiological studies on the association between increased consumption of vegetables and fruits and the risk of diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and several inflammatory and degenerative conditions. The review finds convincing evidence that increasing vegetable and fruit intake reduces the risk of hypertension, CHD, and stroke. Probable evidence suggests an inverse association between consumption and cancer risk, with possible evidence indicating potential benefits in preventing weight gain and certain eye diseases, dementia, and osteoporosis. However, there is insufficient evidence for an association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. The review concludes that a high daily intake of vegetables and fruits promotes health and supports national campaigns to increase consumption, which is a preferable strategy to reduce the burden of chronic diseases in Western societies.