The study conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of cultivar mixtures on crop yield, yield stability, resource-use efficiency, and disease severity compared to monocultures of twelve major crops. The analysis included 103 studies from various regions, covering a wide range of crops such as rice, maize, barley, and sorghum. Key findings include: 1. **Yield Increase**: Cultivar mixtures generally increased crop yield by 3.82%, with the highest gains in rice (+16.1%) and maize (+8.5%), and the lowest in barley (+0.9%) and no increase in sorghum. 2. **Yield Stability**: Temporal yield stability improved with the number of cultivars in the mixtures. 3. **Resource-Use Efficiency**: Mixtures increased crop biomass, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic rate, and water-use efficiency by 5.1%, 7.2%, 8.5%, and 4.3%, respectively. 4. **Disease Severity**: Disease incidence decreased by 24.1%. 5. **Environmental Factors**: Cultivar mixtures were more effective in mitigating diseases and increasing yields in studies conducted at lower latitudes, higher mean annual temperatures, and higher mean annual precipitation. The study concludes that the targeted use of cultivar mixtures with appropriate management practices can reduce resource and pesticide inputs while maintaining high yields, promoting sustainable and productive agriculture.The study conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of cultivar mixtures on crop yield, yield stability, resource-use efficiency, and disease severity compared to monocultures of twelve major crops. The analysis included 103 studies from various regions, covering a wide range of crops such as rice, maize, barley, and sorghum. Key findings include: 1. **Yield Increase**: Cultivar mixtures generally increased crop yield by 3.82%, with the highest gains in rice (+16.1%) and maize (+8.5%), and the lowest in barley (+0.9%) and no increase in sorghum. 2. **Yield Stability**: Temporal yield stability improved with the number of cultivars in the mixtures. 3. **Resource-Use Efficiency**: Mixtures increased crop biomass, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic rate, and water-use efficiency by 5.1%, 7.2%, 8.5%, and 4.3%, respectively. 4. **Disease Severity**: Disease incidence decreased by 24.1%. 5. **Environmental Factors**: Cultivar mixtures were more effective in mitigating diseases and increasing yields in studies conducted at lower latitudes, higher mean annual temperatures, and higher mean annual precipitation. The study concludes that the targeted use of cultivar mixtures with appropriate management practices can reduce resource and pesticide inputs while maintaining high yields, promoting sustainable and productive agriculture.