Received 19 June 2015; Revised 9 March 2016; Accepted 23 May 2016 | J. Frank Yates, Stephanie de Oliveira
The COVID-19 Resource Centre, created by Elsevier, provides free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus. The centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect and grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research available in PubMed Central and other public repositories, with unrestricted reuse and analysis rights, as long as the original source is acknowledged.
The study of culture and decision-making explores how and why people from different cultures make decisions differently. This review focuses on recent developments and neglected topics, emphasizing practical concerns such as intercultural learning and collaboration. It discusses the "cardinal issues perspective" (CIP), which outlines ten challenges that are addressed in nearly every decision-making process. These issues include whether a decision needs to be made, who will make it, how much resource investment will be made, what options are available, what outcomes are associated with each option, how likely each outcome is, how good or bad each outcome would be, how to manage trade-offs, and how the decision will be perceived by others and implemented.
Cultural differences in decision-making are influenced by broad social and cognitive factors, such as individualism-collectivism and cultural norm strength. Individualistic cultures value personal goal pursuit and uniqueness, while collectivistic cultures emphasize group harmony and accommodation to others' expectations. Cultural norm strength, measured by the tightness/looseness dimension, also affects decision-making, with tighter cultures having more strictly enforced norms. Cognitive styles, such as holistic and analytic thinking, are another important factor, with East Asians tending to be more holistic and Westerners more analytic.
Cultural differences in decision-making are evident in various aspects, including attention differences, information interpretation, and motivational differences. For example, East Asians tend to focus more on positive information and expect future changes, while Westerners focus on negative information and see trends as stable. Cultural differences also affect how decisions are made, with some cultures favoring individual decision-making and others encouraging group involvement. Additionally, cultural norms and values influence the perceived cost of decision-making and the creativity of decision-makers. For instance, East Asians are more indecisive and may exhibit overconfidence due to holistic thinking, while Westerners are more decisive and less overconfident. Cultural differences in judgment and attribution also play a role, with East Asians being more prone to situational attributions and Westerners to dispositional attributions. Finally, cultural values, such as personal vs. social value impact and the significance of the self, influence decision-making processes and outcomes.The COVID-19 Resource Centre, created by Elsevier, provides free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus. The centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect and grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research available in PubMed Central and other public repositories, with unrestricted reuse and analysis rights, as long as the original source is acknowledged.
The study of culture and decision-making explores how and why people from different cultures make decisions differently. This review focuses on recent developments and neglected topics, emphasizing practical concerns such as intercultural learning and collaboration. It discusses the "cardinal issues perspective" (CIP), which outlines ten challenges that are addressed in nearly every decision-making process. These issues include whether a decision needs to be made, who will make it, how much resource investment will be made, what options are available, what outcomes are associated with each option, how likely each outcome is, how good or bad each outcome would be, how to manage trade-offs, and how the decision will be perceived by others and implemented.
Cultural differences in decision-making are influenced by broad social and cognitive factors, such as individualism-collectivism and cultural norm strength. Individualistic cultures value personal goal pursuit and uniqueness, while collectivistic cultures emphasize group harmony and accommodation to others' expectations. Cultural norm strength, measured by the tightness/looseness dimension, also affects decision-making, with tighter cultures having more strictly enforced norms. Cognitive styles, such as holistic and analytic thinking, are another important factor, with East Asians tending to be more holistic and Westerners more analytic.
Cultural differences in decision-making are evident in various aspects, including attention differences, information interpretation, and motivational differences. For example, East Asians tend to focus more on positive information and expect future changes, while Westerners focus on negative information and see trends as stable. Cultural differences also affect how decisions are made, with some cultures favoring individual decision-making and others encouraging group involvement. Additionally, cultural norms and values influence the perceived cost of decision-making and the creativity of decision-makers. For instance, East Asians are more indecisive and may exhibit overconfidence due to holistic thinking, while Westerners are more decisive and less overconfident. Cultural differences in judgment and attribution also play a role, with East Asians being more prone to situational attributions and Westerners to dispositional attributions. Finally, cultural values, such as personal vs. social value impact and the significance of the self, influence decision-making processes and outcomes.