The U.S. Surgeon General has concluded that tobacco use, particularly cigarettes, is the leading cause of death and disease in the United States. Cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among U.S. adults, with about 480,000 deaths annually attributed to cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke exposure. To assess progress toward the Healthy People 2020 target of reducing the proportion of U.S. adults aged 18 years and older who smoke cigarettes to ≤12.0%, the CDC analyzed data from the 2016 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). In 2016, the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults was 15.5%, a significant decline from 20.9% in 2005 but no significant change since 2015. The prevalence was higher among males, adults aged 25–64 years, American Indian/Alaska Natives or multiracial individuals, those with a GED certificate, those living below the federal poverty level, those in the Midwest or South, uninsured or Medicaid-insured adults, those with disabilities, LGBT individuals, and those with serious psychological distress. During 2005–2016, the percentage of ever smokers who quit increased from 50.8% to 59.0%. Proven population-based interventions, such as tobacco price increases, comprehensive smoke-free laws, anti-tobacco media campaigns, and barrier-free access to tobacco cessation counseling and medications, are critical to reducing cigarette smoking and smoking-related diseases and deaths, especially among high-risk subpopulations.The U.S. Surgeon General has concluded that tobacco use, particularly cigarettes, is the leading cause of death and disease in the United States. Cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among U.S. adults, with about 480,000 deaths annually attributed to cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke exposure. To assess progress toward the Healthy People 2020 target of reducing the proportion of U.S. adults aged 18 years and older who smoke cigarettes to ≤12.0%, the CDC analyzed data from the 2016 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). In 2016, the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults was 15.5%, a significant decline from 20.9% in 2005 but no significant change since 2015. The prevalence was higher among males, adults aged 25–64 years, American Indian/Alaska Natives or multiracial individuals, those with a GED certificate, those living below the federal poverty level, those in the Midwest or South, uninsured or Medicaid-insured adults, those with disabilities, LGBT individuals, and those with serious psychological distress. During 2005–2016, the percentage of ever smokers who quit increased from 50.8% to 59.0%. Proven population-based interventions, such as tobacco price increases, comprehensive smoke-free laws, anti-tobacco media campaigns, and barrier-free access to tobacco cessation counseling and medications, are critical to reducing cigarette smoking and smoking-related diseases and deaths, especially among high-risk subpopulations.