The article reviews the current development status of cytokines in cancer immunotherapy, highlighting their role in modulating the immune response and killing cancer cells. Cytokines, such as interleukins (IL-2, IL-15, IL-12, IL-21), interferons (IFNs), TGF-beta, and GM-CSF, have been extensively studied for their potential in cancer treatment. The review examines the clinical trials of these cytokines, noting that while IL-2, GM-CSF, and IFNs have been the most active in clinical development, there is a growing interest in IL-12, IL-15, and TGF-beta. The article discusses the challenges and opportunities in cytokine-based cancer immunotherapy, including the complexity of immune responses, systemic toxicity, and the need for combination therapies. Despite these challenges, the integration of advanced technologies like immunocytokines, fusion proteins, pegylation, and gene therapy shows promise in enhancing the efficacy and safety of cytokine-based treatments. The conclusion emphasizes the potential of cytokine-based immuno-anticancer therapy to address the limitations of current cancer treatments and improve outcomes for patients.The article reviews the current development status of cytokines in cancer immunotherapy, highlighting their role in modulating the immune response and killing cancer cells. Cytokines, such as interleukins (IL-2, IL-15, IL-12, IL-21), interferons (IFNs), TGF-beta, and GM-CSF, have been extensively studied for their potential in cancer treatment. The review examines the clinical trials of these cytokines, noting that while IL-2, GM-CSF, and IFNs have been the most active in clinical development, there is a growing interest in IL-12, IL-15, and TGF-beta. The article discusses the challenges and opportunities in cytokine-based cancer immunotherapy, including the complexity of immune responses, systemic toxicity, and the need for combination therapies. Despite these challenges, the integration of advanced technologies like immunocytokines, fusion proteins, pegylation, and gene therapy shows promise in enhancing the efficacy and safety of cytokine-based treatments. The conclusion emphasizes the potential of cytokine-based immuno-anticancer therapy to address the limitations of current cancer treatments and improve outcomes for patients.