This review provides an in-depth analysis of the role of prolactin (PRL) in ovulation and ovulatory disorders, emphasizing its significance in reproductive health. PRL, a pleiotropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary and extrapituitary sources, plays a crucial role in regulating lactation and other physiological processes. It acts through the PRL receptor (PRLR), which is a member of the class I cytokine receptor family. PRLR signaling is involved in various functions, including follicular growth, ovulation, and steroidogenesis. The review discusses the hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle, the classification of ovulatory disorders, and the role of key neurons such as TIDA, KNDγ, and GnRH neurons in PRL and kisspeptin (KP)-dependent regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Hyperprolactinemia, a common cause of infertility in women, is highlighted as a significant factor affecting ovulation. The review also explores the structural and functional aspects of PRL and PRLR, including their diverse signaling pathways and the impact of PRL on various physiological systems. The findings suggest that modulating PRL signaling pathways could be a therapeutic approach for treating ovulatory disorders. The review underscores the importance of understanding PRL's role in reproductive health and its potential therapeutic applications.This review provides an in-depth analysis of the role of prolactin (PRL) in ovulation and ovulatory disorders, emphasizing its significance in reproductive health. PRL, a pleiotropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary and extrapituitary sources, plays a crucial role in regulating lactation and other physiological processes. It acts through the PRL receptor (PRLR), which is a member of the class I cytokine receptor family. PRLR signaling is involved in various functions, including follicular growth, ovulation, and steroidogenesis. The review discusses the hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle, the classification of ovulatory disorders, and the role of key neurons such as TIDA, KNDγ, and GnRH neurons in PRL and kisspeptin (KP)-dependent regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Hyperprolactinemia, a common cause of infertility in women, is highlighted as a significant factor affecting ovulation. The review also explores the structural and functional aspects of PRL and PRLR, including their diverse signaling pathways and the impact of PRL on various physiological systems. The findings suggest that modulating PRL signaling pathways could be a therapeutic approach for treating ovulatory disorders. The review underscores the importance of understanding PRL's role in reproductive health and its potential therapeutic applications.