The review discusses the current status and economic analysis of the green hydrogen energy industry chain, covering production, storage, transportation, and application. Green hydrogen, produced via water electrolysis using renewable energy, is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality. However, high costs and technological challenges hinder its development. Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) are the main technologies, with AWE being more economical but less efficient, while PEM offers higher efficiency but is more expensive. The cost of hydrogen production is heavily influenced by electricity prices and equipment costs. Hydrogen storage and transportation face challenges due to its flammable and diffusive nature, with high-pressure gaseous storage being the most common method, though it has safety risks. Low-temperature liquid hydrogen and organic liquid hydrogen storage offer higher density and safety but are more costly. Solid-state storage is promising but still under development. Hydrogen applications are currently concentrated in traditional industries but are expected to expand into transportation, energy storage, power-to-gas, and microgrids. The review highlights the need for technological advancements, cost reductions, and policy support to promote the commercialization of green hydrogen. The economic viability of green hydrogen depends on renewable energy costs, technological improvements, and efficient storage and transportation solutions. The future outlook emphasizes the importance of overcoming technical and economic barriers to achieve large-scale commercialization of green hydrogen.The review discusses the current status and economic analysis of the green hydrogen energy industry chain, covering production, storage, transportation, and application. Green hydrogen, produced via water electrolysis using renewable energy, is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality. However, high costs and technological challenges hinder its development. Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) are the main technologies, with AWE being more economical but less efficient, while PEM offers higher efficiency but is more expensive. The cost of hydrogen production is heavily influenced by electricity prices and equipment costs. Hydrogen storage and transportation face challenges due to its flammable and diffusive nature, with high-pressure gaseous storage being the most common method, though it has safety risks. Low-temperature liquid hydrogen and organic liquid hydrogen storage offer higher density and safety but are more costly. Solid-state storage is promising but still under development. Hydrogen applications are currently concentrated in traditional industries but are expected to expand into transportation, energy storage, power-to-gas, and microgrids. The review highlights the need for technological advancements, cost reductions, and policy support to promote the commercialization of green hydrogen. The economic viability of green hydrogen depends on renewable energy costs, technological improvements, and efficient storage and transportation solutions. The future outlook emphasizes the importance of overcoming technical and economic barriers to achieve large-scale commercialization of green hydrogen.