This review article provides an overview of the current status and future prospects of dual-atom catalysts (DACs) in sustainable energy utilization. DACs, which consist of two adjacent metal atoms, have attracted significant attention due to their synergistic effects and enhanced catalytic performance compared to single-atom catalysts (SACs). The article highlights the advantages of DACs, including full active site exposure, high selectivity, and theoretical 100% atom utilization. It discusses the classification of DACs based on the distance and connection mode of metal sites, such as DACs with no contact sites, DACs with metal-metal bonds, and DACs with metal sites bridged by nonmetal atoms. The synergistic effects of homonuclear and heteronuclear DACs are explored, focusing on how these interactions optimize adsorption configurations, alter charge configurations, and evolve more favorable active sites. The article also reviews various synthetic methods for DACs, including precursor pre-selection, heteroatom modulation, interfacial cladding engineering, and atomic layer deposition (ALD). Finally, it discusses the characterization techniques used to study DACs, emphasizing the importance of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) for achieving sub-angstrom resolution and accurately identifying diatomic sites. The review concludes by highlighting the challenges and opportunities in the synthesis, characterization, and application of DACs, particularly in electrochemical energy-related reactions such as oxygen reduction, CO₂ reduction, hydrogen evolution, and N₂ reduction.This review article provides an overview of the current status and future prospects of dual-atom catalysts (DACs) in sustainable energy utilization. DACs, which consist of two adjacent metal atoms, have attracted significant attention due to their synergistic effects and enhanced catalytic performance compared to single-atom catalysts (SACs). The article highlights the advantages of DACs, including full active site exposure, high selectivity, and theoretical 100% atom utilization. It discusses the classification of DACs based on the distance and connection mode of metal sites, such as DACs with no contact sites, DACs with metal-metal bonds, and DACs with metal sites bridged by nonmetal atoms. The synergistic effects of homonuclear and heteronuclear DACs are explored, focusing on how these interactions optimize adsorption configurations, alter charge configurations, and evolve more favorable active sites. The article also reviews various synthetic methods for DACs, including precursor pre-selection, heteroatom modulation, interfacial cladding engineering, and atomic layer deposition (ALD). Finally, it discusses the characterization techniques used to study DACs, emphasizing the importance of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) for achieving sub-angstrom resolution and accurately identifying diatomic sites. The review concludes by highlighting the challenges and opportunities in the synthesis, characterization, and application of DACs, particularly in electrochemical energy-related reactions such as oxygen reduction, CO₂ reduction, hydrogen evolution, and N₂ reduction.