Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have emerged as promising candidates for sustainable energy utilization due to their high catalytic activity, selectivity, and theoretical 100% atom utilization. Unlike single-atom catalysts (SACs), DACs offer additional synergistic effects between two adjacent metal atoms, leading to enhanced performance in electrochemical reactions such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and N₂ reduction reaction (NRR). DACs are classified based on the distance and connection mode of metal sites, including DACs with no contact sites, metal-metal bonds, and metal sites bridged by nonmetal atoms. The synergistic effects of DACs are crucial for improving catalytic performance, as they can alter electronic structures, optimize adsorption configurations, and regulate reaction pathways. Recent studies have shown that DACs can achieve high Faradaic efficiency and stability in various electrochemical applications. The synthesis of DACs involves precise control of metal site dispersion, often using coordination chemistry, pyrolysis, and interfacial engineering to prevent aggregation. Effective methods include precursor pre-selection, heteroatom modulators, and interfacial cladding engineering. These strategies enable the formation of stable DACs with well-defined active sites, enhancing their potential for energy-related catalytic applications. The future research directions include further understanding of the synergistic mechanisms, optimizing the electronic and structural properties of DACs, and expanding their applications in sustainable energy technologies.Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have emerged as promising candidates for sustainable energy utilization due to their high catalytic activity, selectivity, and theoretical 100% atom utilization. Unlike single-atom catalysts (SACs), DACs offer additional synergistic effects between two adjacent metal atoms, leading to enhanced performance in electrochemical reactions such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and N₂ reduction reaction (NRR). DACs are classified based on the distance and connection mode of metal sites, including DACs with no contact sites, metal-metal bonds, and metal sites bridged by nonmetal atoms. The synergistic effects of DACs are crucial for improving catalytic performance, as they can alter electronic structures, optimize adsorption configurations, and regulate reaction pathways. Recent studies have shown that DACs can achieve high Faradaic efficiency and stability in various electrochemical applications. The synthesis of DACs involves precise control of metal site dispersion, often using coordination chemistry, pyrolysis, and interfacial engineering to prevent aggregation. Effective methods include precursor pre-selection, heteroatom modulators, and interfacial cladding engineering. These strategies enable the formation of stable DACs with well-defined active sites, enhancing their potential for energy-related catalytic applications. The future research directions include further understanding of the synergistic mechanisms, optimizing the electronic and structural properties of DACs, and expanding their applications in sustainable energy technologies.