This article presents a comprehensive review of current advances in nanostructured oxide photoelectrocatalysts for water splitting. With the increasing demand for clean energy and the environmental impact of fossil fuels, hydrogen production through water splitting has gained significant attention. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising technology for generating hydrogen, offering a sustainable and efficient method. Metal oxides, particularly transition metal oxides, have shown great potential due to their favorable properties such as suitable band gaps, high stability, and low cost. The review highlights recent progress in using metal oxides like Fe₂O₃, ZnO, CoO, and CrO₂ as photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting, along with strategies to enhance their performance, including morphological engineering, heterojunctions, and doping techniques. The article also discusses the importance of co-catalysts, such as Pt, NiFeO, and NiMnO₃, in improving the efficiency of hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Additionally, it explores the role of nanostructuring, heterojunctions, and doping in enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of hematite-based photoanodes. The review emphasizes the need for further research to optimize the stability, efficiency, and scalability of these materials for practical applications in renewable energy systems.This article presents a comprehensive review of current advances in nanostructured oxide photoelectrocatalysts for water splitting. With the increasing demand for clean energy and the environmental impact of fossil fuels, hydrogen production through water splitting has gained significant attention. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising technology for generating hydrogen, offering a sustainable and efficient method. Metal oxides, particularly transition metal oxides, have shown great potential due to their favorable properties such as suitable band gaps, high stability, and low cost. The review highlights recent progress in using metal oxides like Fe₂O₃, ZnO, CoO, and CrO₂ as photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting, along with strategies to enhance their performance, including morphological engineering, heterojunctions, and doping techniques. The article also discusses the importance of co-catalysts, such as Pt, NiFeO, and NiMnO₃, in improving the efficiency of hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Additionally, it explores the role of nanostructuring, heterojunctions, and doping in enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of hematite-based photoanodes. The review emphasizes the need for further research to optimize the stability, efficiency, and scalability of these materials for practical applications in renewable energy systems.