This review provides an overview of the regulatory mechanisms governing sucrose accumulation in sugarcane, focusing on the roles of sucrose metabolizing enzymes, sugar transporters, and post-transcriptional control. The study highlights the importance of sucrose-induced repression of translation (SIRT) in controlling the activity of *Scbzip44* genes, which are crucial for sucrose accumulation. Key findings include: 1. **Sucrose Biosynthesis**: Sucrose is synthesized in leaves through photosynthesis and transported to stems via the phloem. The process involves the conversion of triphosphate to sucrose, with sucrose synthase (SuS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) playing central roles. 2. **Source-Sink Regulation**: The relationship between sucrose synthesis at the source (leaves) and storage in the sink (stems) is complex. Photosynthesis rate is influenced by sink demand, and sucrose accumulation is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. 3. **Post-Transcriptional Control**: SIRT, a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism, controls the translation of *Scbzip44* genes. The presence of a sucrose-controlled upstream open reading frame (SC-uORF) in *Scbzip44* mRNA inhibits its translation when sucrose levels reach a threshold, limiting sucrose accumulation. 4. **Sugar Transporters**: Transporters such as *SWEET1a/Aa/4b/13c*, TSTs, and SUTs are essential for sucrose translocation from source to sink. *SWEET13c* is particularly significant in mature stems, contributing to efficient sucrose efflux. 5. **Sucrose-Metabolizing Enzymes**: Enzymes like SPS and SPP are crucial for sucrose synthesis and metabolism. SPS activity is regulated by temperature and other factors, affecting sucrose accumulation. 6. **Genetic Engineering**: Manipulating genes involved in sucrose accumulation, such as overexpressing SPS genes and sucrose transporter genes, silencing *Scbzip44* (by removing the SC-uORF), and downregulating invertase genes, can enhance sucrose content in sugarcane. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding these regulatory mechanisms to develop cultivars with higher sucrose accumulation, which is crucial for increasing sugar production and addressing global demand.This review provides an overview of the regulatory mechanisms governing sucrose accumulation in sugarcane, focusing on the roles of sucrose metabolizing enzymes, sugar transporters, and post-transcriptional control. The study highlights the importance of sucrose-induced repression of translation (SIRT) in controlling the activity of *Scbzip44* genes, which are crucial for sucrose accumulation. Key findings include: 1. **Sucrose Biosynthesis**: Sucrose is synthesized in leaves through photosynthesis and transported to stems via the phloem. The process involves the conversion of triphosphate to sucrose, with sucrose synthase (SuS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) playing central roles. 2. **Source-Sink Regulation**: The relationship between sucrose synthesis at the source (leaves) and storage in the sink (stems) is complex. Photosynthesis rate is influenced by sink demand, and sucrose accumulation is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. 3. **Post-Transcriptional Control**: SIRT, a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism, controls the translation of *Scbzip44* genes. The presence of a sucrose-controlled upstream open reading frame (SC-uORF) in *Scbzip44* mRNA inhibits its translation when sucrose levels reach a threshold, limiting sucrose accumulation. 4. **Sugar Transporters**: Transporters such as *SWEET1a/Aa/4b/13c*, TSTs, and SUTs are essential for sucrose translocation from source to sink. *SWEET13c* is particularly significant in mature stems, contributing to efficient sucrose efflux. 5. **Sucrose-Metabolizing Enzymes**: Enzymes like SPS and SPP are crucial for sucrose synthesis and metabolism. SPS activity is regulated by temperature and other factors, affecting sucrose accumulation. 6. **Genetic Engineering**: Manipulating genes involved in sucrose accumulation, such as overexpressing SPS genes and sucrose transporter genes, silencing *Scbzip44* (by removing the SC-uORF), and downregulating invertase genes, can enhance sucrose content in sugarcane. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding these regulatory mechanisms to develop cultivars with higher sucrose accumulation, which is crucial for increasing sugar production and addressing global demand.