This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of sucrose accumulation in sugarcane, focusing on the roles of sucrose metabolizing enzymes, sugar transporters, and post-transcriptional factors. Sucrose is synthesized in sugarcane leaves and transported to stems via apoplastic and symplastic pathways. Sucrose transporters such as SWEET1a/4a/4b/13c, TST, SUT1, SUT4, and SUT5 are crucial for sucrose translocation. Sucrose cleavage is mainly catalyzed by invertase isozymes, while sucrose synthase (SuSy) is involved in biosynthetic processes. Other key enzymes, such as sucrose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase (S6PP) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), are also involved in sucrose metabolism. The regulation of sucrose accumulation is influenced by post-transcriptional mechanisms, including the sucrose-induced repression of translation (SIRT), which controls Scbzip44 activity in response to endogenous sugar signals. The SC-uORF at the 5' leader region of Scbzip44's main ORF inhibits sucrose accumulation through post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Manipulating genes such as SPS and sucrose transporter genes, silencing SC-uORF, and downregulating invertase genes may lead to maximum sucrose accumulation. The review highlights the importance of understanding the sucrose regulatory mechanisms in sugarcane for improving yield and developing cultivars with higher sucrose content. The study provides insights into the role of sucrose metabolizing enzymes, including SPS and SuSy, in sucrose synthesis and metabolism, and their regulation by environmental factors such as temperature. The findings suggest that manipulating these enzymes and their regulatory mechanisms could enhance sucrose accumulation in sugarcane.This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of sucrose accumulation in sugarcane, focusing on the roles of sucrose metabolizing enzymes, sugar transporters, and post-transcriptional factors. Sucrose is synthesized in sugarcane leaves and transported to stems via apoplastic and symplastic pathways. Sucrose transporters such as SWEET1a/4a/4b/13c, TST, SUT1, SUT4, and SUT5 are crucial for sucrose translocation. Sucrose cleavage is mainly catalyzed by invertase isozymes, while sucrose synthase (SuSy) is involved in biosynthetic processes. Other key enzymes, such as sucrose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase (S6PP) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), are also involved in sucrose metabolism. The regulation of sucrose accumulation is influenced by post-transcriptional mechanisms, including the sucrose-induced repression of translation (SIRT), which controls Scbzip44 activity in response to endogenous sugar signals. The SC-uORF at the 5' leader region of Scbzip44's main ORF inhibits sucrose accumulation through post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Manipulating genes such as SPS and sucrose transporter genes, silencing SC-uORF, and downregulating invertase genes may lead to maximum sucrose accumulation. The review highlights the importance of understanding the sucrose regulatory mechanisms in sugarcane for improving yield and developing cultivars with higher sucrose content. The study provides insights into the role of sucrose metabolizing enzymes, including SPS and SuSy, in sucrose synthesis and metabolism, and their regulation by environmental factors such as temperature. The findings suggest that manipulating these enzymes and their regulatory mechanisms could enhance sucrose accumulation in sugarcane.