The review article provides an update on the current status and research directions in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Since 2017, twelve new agents have been approved for AML, including BCL2 inhibitors, CD33 antibody drug conjugates, FLT3 inhibitors, IDH inhibitors, hypomethylating agents, and targeted therapies. The clinical, morphologic, cytogenetic, and molecular heterogeneity of AML necessitates tailored treatments. The authors highlight the importance of understanding cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, such as NPM1, TP53, and FLT3 mutations, to guide therapy. They also discuss the rapid progress in AML research, emphasizing the need for biomarker-driven trials and the integration of novel therapies into standard regimens. The article outlines the optimal treatment strategies for different AML subsets, including acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and core-binding factor AML, and the role of high-dose cytarabine, nucleoside analogs, and targeted therapies. The authors emphasize the importance of personalized medicine and the ongoing development of new treatments to improve outcomes in AML patients.The review article provides an update on the current status and research directions in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Since 2017, twelve new agents have been approved for AML, including BCL2 inhibitors, CD33 antibody drug conjugates, FLT3 inhibitors, IDH inhibitors, hypomethylating agents, and targeted therapies. The clinical, morphologic, cytogenetic, and molecular heterogeneity of AML necessitates tailored treatments. The authors highlight the importance of understanding cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, such as NPM1, TP53, and FLT3 mutations, to guide therapy. They also discuss the rapid progress in AML research, emphasizing the need for biomarker-driven trials and the integration of novel therapies into standard regimens. The article outlines the optimal treatment strategies for different AML subsets, including acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and core-binding factor AML, and the role of high-dose cytarabine, nucleoside analogs, and targeted therapies. The authors emphasize the importance of personalized medicine and the ongoing development of new treatments to improve outcomes in AML patients.