A ternary dumbbell-shaped CdS/MoS₂/CuS heterostructure was designed to enhance photoredox catalysis. This structure features spatially separated catalytic sites, with MoS₂ clusters at the ends of CdS nanowires acting as electron collectors and CuS layers on the sidewalls forming a P–N heterojunction to facilitate hole migration. The heterostructure enables efficient charge separation and migration, improving the stability and photoactivity of the system for applications such as photocatalytic hydrogen production and selective organic transformation under visible light. The design strategy involves a hydrothermal method followed by ion exchange to introduce CuS. The resulting heterostructure exhibits enhanced charge transfer efficiency, with the MoS₂ and CuS components working synergistically to suppress charge recombination and improve photocatalytic performance. The study also demonstrates the universal applicability of this strategy, as evidenced by the successful synthesis of a CdS/MoS₂/Ag₂S heterostructure with similar properties. The work provides a simple yet effective approach for designing multi-component heterostructures to precisely modulate spatially vectorial charge separation at the nanoscale for solar-to-hydrogen conversion. The results show that the dumbbell-shaped heterostructure significantly enhances photocatalytic activity and stability, making it a promising candidate for efficient solar energy conversion.A ternary dumbbell-shaped CdS/MoS₂/CuS heterostructure was designed to enhance photoredox catalysis. This structure features spatially separated catalytic sites, with MoS₂ clusters at the ends of CdS nanowires acting as electron collectors and CuS layers on the sidewalls forming a P–N heterojunction to facilitate hole migration. The heterostructure enables efficient charge separation and migration, improving the stability and photoactivity of the system for applications such as photocatalytic hydrogen production and selective organic transformation under visible light. The design strategy involves a hydrothermal method followed by ion exchange to introduce CuS. The resulting heterostructure exhibits enhanced charge transfer efficiency, with the MoS₂ and CuS components working synergistically to suppress charge recombination and improve photocatalytic performance. The study also demonstrates the universal applicability of this strategy, as evidenced by the successful synthesis of a CdS/MoS₂/Ag₂S heterostructure with similar properties. The work provides a simple yet effective approach for designing multi-component heterostructures to precisely modulate spatially vectorial charge separation at the nanoscale for solar-to-hydrogen conversion. The results show that the dumbbell-shaped heterostructure significantly enhances photocatalytic activity and stability, making it a promising candidate for efficient solar energy conversion.