The paper presents the design and synthesis of a ternary dumbbell-shaped CdS/MoS₂/CuS heterostructure for enhanced photoredox catalysis. The CdS nanowires (NWs) are decorated with MoS₂ clusters at both ends and CuS nanolayers on their sidewalls, forming a P–N heterojunction. This structure effectively separates electron and hole carriers, improving charge transfer kinetics and stability. The MoS₂ clusters act as electron collectors, while the CuS layer facilitates hole migration, reducing recombination rates. The dumbbell-shaped heterostructure shows superior photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution and selective reduction of nitroaromatic compounds under visible light, demonstrating the effectiveness of the designed architecture in enhancing solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency. The study provides a robust strategy for designing multi-component heterostructures to modulate charge separation at the nanoscale.The paper presents the design and synthesis of a ternary dumbbell-shaped CdS/MoS₂/CuS heterostructure for enhanced photoredox catalysis. The CdS nanowires (NWs) are decorated with MoS₂ clusters at both ends and CuS nanolayers on their sidewalls, forming a P–N heterojunction. This structure effectively separates electron and hole carriers, improving charge transfer kinetics and stability. The MoS₂ clusters act as electron collectors, while the CuS layer facilitates hole migration, reducing recombination rates. The dumbbell-shaped heterostructure shows superior photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution and selective reduction of nitroaromatic compounds under visible light, demonstrating the effectiveness of the designed architecture in enhancing solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency. The study provides a robust strategy for designing multi-component heterostructures to modulate charge separation at the nanoscale.