Cyanobacterial blooms (CyBs) are increasingly frequent and severe in coastal and inland waters, causing serious concerns due to the release of cyanotoxins into water reservoirs and their negative effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. These blooms are exacerbated by nutrient pollution, rising atmospheric CO2 levels, and climate change. Recent advancements have led to the development of next-generation physical methods combining biological and chemical approaches to control CyBs, reducing secondary pollutants' impact on aquatic ecosystems. Research has focused on understanding factors influencing bloom formation and developing mitigation strategies. Despite progress, challenges remain in comprehending the complex interactions between hydrological patterns, biological diversity, and chemical compositions in aquatic environments. A comprehensive management plan is essential for long-term water resource sustainability. The review assesses recent strategies for preventing, controlling, and mitigating CyBs, evaluating their effectiveness and importance, and provides recommendations for future research. Current methods include physical techniques like aeration and mixing, chemical treatments such as algaecides, and biological methods using bacteria or organisms to consume excess nutrients. However, each method has limitations, and the long-term effects on ecosystems and the need for sustainable alternatives remain challenges. Recent technologies like satellite imaging, genetic engineering, and drone surveillance have improved CyB detection and monitoring. Innovations such as ultrasonic technology and organically modified clay materials offer promising solutions for disrupting cyanobacteria buoyancy and promoting their settling. Strategies like enhanced physical mixing and sediment dredging can reduce internal phosphorus loading. Biological control methods, such as introducing aquatic plants or natural predators, can also help. Comprehensive strategies targeting various areas within a water body are crucial for effective CyB management. Understanding cyanobacteria's ecological significance, distribution, and long-term impacts is vital for developing effective management plans. This review aims to explore the root causes of CyBs, such as nutrient pollution and climate change, and propose targeted remediation strategies to address the increasing threat of CyBs in surface water.Cyanobacterial blooms (CyBs) are increasingly frequent and severe in coastal and inland waters, causing serious concerns due to the release of cyanotoxins into water reservoirs and their negative effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. These blooms are exacerbated by nutrient pollution, rising atmospheric CO2 levels, and climate change. Recent advancements have led to the development of next-generation physical methods combining biological and chemical approaches to control CyBs, reducing secondary pollutants' impact on aquatic ecosystems. Research has focused on understanding factors influencing bloom formation and developing mitigation strategies. Despite progress, challenges remain in comprehending the complex interactions between hydrological patterns, biological diversity, and chemical compositions in aquatic environments. A comprehensive management plan is essential for long-term water resource sustainability. The review assesses recent strategies for preventing, controlling, and mitigating CyBs, evaluating their effectiveness and importance, and provides recommendations for future research. Current methods include physical techniques like aeration and mixing, chemical treatments such as algaecides, and biological methods using bacteria or organisms to consume excess nutrients. However, each method has limitations, and the long-term effects on ecosystems and the need for sustainable alternatives remain challenges. Recent technologies like satellite imaging, genetic engineering, and drone surveillance have improved CyB detection and monitoring. Innovations such as ultrasonic technology and organically modified clay materials offer promising solutions for disrupting cyanobacteria buoyancy and promoting their settling. Strategies like enhanced physical mixing and sediment dredging can reduce internal phosphorus loading. Biological control methods, such as introducing aquatic plants or natural predators, can also help. Comprehensive strategies targeting various areas within a water body are crucial for effective CyB management. Understanding cyanobacteria's ecological significance, distribution, and long-term impacts is vital for developing effective management plans. This review aims to explore the root causes of CyBs, such as nutrient pollution and climate change, and propose targeted remediation strategies to address the increasing threat of CyBs in surface water.