The paper "Cybersecurity in the Quantum Era: Assessing the Impact of Quantum Computing on Infrastructure" by Yaser Baseri, Vikas Chouhan, and Ali Ghorbani explores the transformative impact of quantum computing on cybersecurity, particularly in the context of critical infrastructure and cloud services. The authors provide a comprehensive analysis of the challenges posed by quantum computing to traditional cryptographic methods and offer strategic insights for developing effective countermeasures. Key points include: - **Quantum Computing's Impact**: Quantum computing's advanced computational capabilities pose significant threats to classical cryptographic systems, such as RSA, ECC, and Diffie-Hellman, which are fundamental to data protection. - **Infrastructure Layers**: The paper evaluates the effects of quantum computing across various infrastructure layers, including applications, data, runtime, middleware, operating systems, virtualization, hardware, storage, and networks. - **Threat Analysis**: A detailed threat analysis is conducted using the STRIDE model to identify and prioritize potential threats, including spoofing, tampering, repudiation, information disclosure, denial of service, and elevation of privilege. - **Risk Assessment**: A customized risk assessment framework is proposed to evaluate the specific risks associated with migrating to quantum-resistant infrastructure, guiding decision-makers in risk management. - **Post-Migration Phase**: The paper discusses the challenges and opportunities in the post-migration phase, emphasizing the need for robust security measures to protect against quantum-enabled cyberattacks. - **Security Challenges**: Specific security challenges are identified for each infrastructure layer, with detailed strategies proposed to address these challenges, such as transitioning to quantum-resistant algorithms, enhancing key management practices, and implementing secure coding standards. The authors conclude by emphasizing the importance of multi-sectoral collaboration and the development of quantum-resistant cryptographic practices to ensure the resilience of critical infrastructure and cloud ecosystems in the quantum era.The paper "Cybersecurity in the Quantum Era: Assessing the Impact of Quantum Computing on Infrastructure" by Yaser Baseri, Vikas Chouhan, and Ali Ghorbani explores the transformative impact of quantum computing on cybersecurity, particularly in the context of critical infrastructure and cloud services. The authors provide a comprehensive analysis of the challenges posed by quantum computing to traditional cryptographic methods and offer strategic insights for developing effective countermeasures. Key points include: - **Quantum Computing's Impact**: Quantum computing's advanced computational capabilities pose significant threats to classical cryptographic systems, such as RSA, ECC, and Diffie-Hellman, which are fundamental to data protection. - **Infrastructure Layers**: The paper evaluates the effects of quantum computing across various infrastructure layers, including applications, data, runtime, middleware, operating systems, virtualization, hardware, storage, and networks. - **Threat Analysis**: A detailed threat analysis is conducted using the STRIDE model to identify and prioritize potential threats, including spoofing, tampering, repudiation, information disclosure, denial of service, and elevation of privilege. - **Risk Assessment**: A customized risk assessment framework is proposed to evaluate the specific risks associated with migrating to quantum-resistant infrastructure, guiding decision-makers in risk management. - **Post-Migration Phase**: The paper discusses the challenges and opportunities in the post-migration phase, emphasizing the need for robust security measures to protect against quantum-enabled cyberattacks. - **Security Challenges**: Specific security challenges are identified for each infrastructure layer, with detailed strategies proposed to address these challenges, such as transitioning to quantum-resistant algorithms, enhancing key management practices, and implementing secure coding standards. The authors conclude by emphasizing the importance of multi-sectoral collaboration and the development of quantum-resistant cryptographic practices to ensure the resilience of critical infrastructure and cloud ecosystems in the quantum era.