Pancreatic cystic neoplasms are relatively uncommon, comprising only 1% to 15% of all pancreatic cystic lesions. However, their detection has increased due to advanced imaging techniques such as CT, ultrasound, and MRI. The challenge lies in distinguishing benign cysts from malignant cystic neoplasms. Common clinical mistakes include misdiagnosing cystic neoplasms as benign pseudocysts. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment, which typically involves surgical excision if the patient is fit for surgery. Inappropiate treatments, such as drainage, should be avoided. Cystic neoplasms often have a slow-growing, indolent nature and a favorable prognosis with adequate surgical therapy. However, they can become highly malignant if left untreated. CT scans are useful for differentiating serous cystadenomas from mucinous cystic neoplasms based on radiographic features such as the number and size of cysts, central fibrous areas, and calcifications. Dynamic CT with intravenous contrast can further enhance the differentiation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be used in cases where CT findings are nondiagnostic, but communication with the pancreatic duct is a characteristic feature of benign pseudocysts.Pancreatic cystic neoplasms are relatively uncommon, comprising only 1% to 15% of all pancreatic cystic lesions. However, their detection has increased due to advanced imaging techniques such as CT, ultrasound, and MRI. The challenge lies in distinguishing benign cysts from malignant cystic neoplasms. Common clinical mistakes include misdiagnosing cystic neoplasms as benign pseudocysts. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment, which typically involves surgical excision if the patient is fit for surgery. Inappropiate treatments, such as drainage, should be avoided. Cystic neoplasms often have a slow-growing, indolent nature and a favorable prognosis with adequate surgical therapy. However, they can become highly malignant if left untreated. CT scans are useful for differentiating serous cystadenomas from mucinous cystic neoplasms based on radiographic features such as the number and size of cysts, central fibrous areas, and calcifications. Dynamic CT with intravenous contrast can further enhance the differentiation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be used in cases where CT findings are nondiagnostic, but communication with the pancreatic duct is a characteristic feature of benign pseudocysts.