The paper "DC Microgrids—Part II: A Review of Power Architectures, Applications, and Standardization Issues" by Dragicevic et al. provides a comprehensive review of DC microgrids (MGs), focusing on their power architectures, applications, and standardization challenges. The authors highlight the advantages of DC distribution over AC, including higher reliability, efficiency, and simpler control, particularly in integrating renewable energy sources (RESs), electronic loads, and energy storage systems (ESSs). They discuss various power hardware topologies and their suitability for different smart grid applications, such as traction, telecom, vehicular, and distributed power systems. The paper also addresses the challenges in protecting DC MGs due to the inability to naturally extinguish arcs when breaking DC current. It reviews existing protection schemes, including design considerations for practical protective devices and their integration into overall protection systems. Additionally, the paper explores grounding objectives and solutions, such as minimizing stray current and common-mode voltage. Standardization efforts for DC systems are discussed, emphasizing the importance of voltage levels, installation design, maintenance practices, and instrumentation and control recommendations. The authors conclude by highlighting future research directions and the need for widely accepted protection standards and guidelines. Key aspects covered include: - **Power Architectures**: Single-bus, multi-bus, and reconfigurable topologies, each with specific advantages and trade-offs. - **Applications**: High-efficiency households, renewable energy parks, hybrid ESSs, and electric vehicle (EV) fast charging stations. - **Protection and Grounding**: Challenges in protecting DC systems, types of faults, grounding options, and protective device design. - **Standardization**: Current efforts and future directions for standardizing DC systems. The paper aims to provide a thorough overview of DC MGs, addressing both practical design aspects and advanced topics, to guide future research and applications.The paper "DC Microgrids—Part II: A Review of Power Architectures, Applications, and Standardization Issues" by Dragicevic et al. provides a comprehensive review of DC microgrids (MGs), focusing on their power architectures, applications, and standardization challenges. The authors highlight the advantages of DC distribution over AC, including higher reliability, efficiency, and simpler control, particularly in integrating renewable energy sources (RESs), electronic loads, and energy storage systems (ESSs). They discuss various power hardware topologies and their suitability for different smart grid applications, such as traction, telecom, vehicular, and distributed power systems. The paper also addresses the challenges in protecting DC MGs due to the inability to naturally extinguish arcs when breaking DC current. It reviews existing protection schemes, including design considerations for practical protective devices and their integration into overall protection systems. Additionally, the paper explores grounding objectives and solutions, such as minimizing stray current and common-mode voltage. Standardization efforts for DC systems are discussed, emphasizing the importance of voltage levels, installation design, maintenance practices, and instrumentation and control recommendations. The authors conclude by highlighting future research directions and the need for widely accepted protection standards and guidelines. Key aspects covered include: - **Power Architectures**: Single-bus, multi-bus, and reconfigurable topologies, each with specific advantages and trade-offs. - **Applications**: High-efficiency households, renewable energy parks, hybrid ESSs, and electric vehicle (EV) fast charging stations. - **Protection and Grounding**: Challenges in protecting DC systems, types of faults, grounding options, and protective device design. - **Standardization**: Current efforts and future directions for standardizing DC systems. The paper aims to provide a thorough overview of DC MGs, addressing both practical design aspects and advanced topics, to guide future research and applications.