The article reviews the progress and future prospects of DNA vaccines, which have been under development since the early 1990s. Initially, DNA vaccines were introduced as a simple and safe method to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. Over the past 15 years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the basic biology of DNA vaccines and optimizing their formulation and delivery methods. Four veterinary DNA vaccines have recently been approved, demonstrating the potential of this technology. The article discusses various strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines, including gene optimization, improved RNA structure, novel formulations, immune adjuvants, and advanced delivery techniques such as electroporation and microneedle arrays. Despite initial challenges, the DNA vaccine platform is showing promising results in preclinical and clinical trials, particularly in cancer immunotherapy and infectious disease prevention. The authors emphasize the need for continued research to improve the potency and safety of DNA vaccines, highlighting the importance of optimizing design, delivery, and clinical implementation.The article reviews the progress and future prospects of DNA vaccines, which have been under development since the early 1990s. Initially, DNA vaccines were introduced as a simple and safe method to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. Over the past 15 years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the basic biology of DNA vaccines and optimizing their formulation and delivery methods. Four veterinary DNA vaccines have recently been approved, demonstrating the potential of this technology. The article discusses various strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines, including gene optimization, improved RNA structure, novel formulations, immune adjuvants, and advanced delivery techniques such as electroporation and microneedle arrays. Despite initial challenges, the DNA vaccine platform is showing promising results in preclinical and clinical trials, particularly in cancer immunotherapy and infectious disease prevention. The authors emphasize the need for continued research to improve the potency and safety of DNA vaccines, highlighting the importance of optimizing design, delivery, and clinical implementation.