The DSM-5 Substance Use Disorders Work Group reviewed the DSM-IV criteria and recommended revisions to improve the classification of substance use disorders. Key changes included combining abuse and dependence into a single disorder, removing legal problems as a criterion, and adding craving as a criterion. Cannabis and caffeine withdrawal syndromes were also added. The diagnostic threshold was set at two or more criteria, and severity was indicated by the number of criteria met. The work group also recommended removing the physiological specifier and updating the maintenance therapy category. Substance-induced mental disorders were revised to include a criterion that the disorder resembles the full criteria for the relevant disorder, and the term "primary" was changed to "independent." Biomarkers were not included in the DSM-5 criteria. Polysubstance dependence was eliminated. Cannabis withdrawal disorder was added, as well as caffeine withdrawal disorder. The nicotine criteria were aligned with other substance use disorders. Neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure was included in Section 3. Gambling disorder was moved to the substance use disorders chapter, and Internet gaming disorder was added to Section 3. The chapter title was changed to "Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders." The DSM-5 criteria were found to be more efficient than the DSM-IV criteria, and further research is needed to address remaining issues. The work group's recommendations were based on extensive data analysis and expert input, and the process involved balancing competing needs and ensuring the reliability and validity of the criteria.The DSM-5 Substance Use Disorders Work Group reviewed the DSM-IV criteria and recommended revisions to improve the classification of substance use disorders. Key changes included combining abuse and dependence into a single disorder, removing legal problems as a criterion, and adding craving as a criterion. Cannabis and caffeine withdrawal syndromes were also added. The diagnostic threshold was set at two or more criteria, and severity was indicated by the number of criteria met. The work group also recommended removing the physiological specifier and updating the maintenance therapy category. Substance-induced mental disorders were revised to include a criterion that the disorder resembles the full criteria for the relevant disorder, and the term "primary" was changed to "independent." Biomarkers were not included in the DSM-5 criteria. Polysubstance dependence was eliminated. Cannabis withdrawal disorder was added, as well as caffeine withdrawal disorder. The nicotine criteria were aligned with other substance use disorders. Neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure was included in Section 3. Gambling disorder was moved to the substance use disorders chapter, and Internet gaming disorder was added to Section 3. The chapter title was changed to "Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders." The DSM-5 criteria were found to be more efficient than the DSM-IV criteria, and further research is needed to address remaining issues. The work group's recommendations were based on extensive data analysis and expert input, and the process involved balancing competing needs and ensuring the reliability and validity of the criteria.