This review discusses the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. DAMPs are endogenous molecules released from damaged or dying cells that activate the innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). While DAMPs contribute to host defense, they can also promote pathological inflammatory responses. The review highlights the increased levels of DAMPs such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), S100 proteins, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in these diseases and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. It also explores the mechanisms by which DAMPs induce inflammation and the therapeutic strategies that target DAMPs to reduce inflammation and treat diseases. The conclusion emphasizes the need for further research to understand the complex roles of DAMPs in inflammatory diseases and to develop effective therapeutic approaches.This review discusses the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. DAMPs are endogenous molecules released from damaged or dying cells that activate the innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). While DAMPs contribute to host defense, they can also promote pathological inflammatory responses. The review highlights the increased levels of DAMPs such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), S100 proteins, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in these diseases and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. It also explores the mechanisms by which DAMPs induce inflammation and the therapeutic strategies that target DAMPs to reduce inflammation and treat diseases. The conclusion emphasizes the need for further research to understand the complex roles of DAMPs in inflammatory diseases and to develop effective therapeutic approaches.