The article discusses the development and expansion of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) resource, which serves as a reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of genome sequence data. KEGG has evolved from a pathway database focused on metabolism to a comprehensive resource that integrates various types of high-throughput data and supports translational bioinformatics. The KEGG Orthology system, which uses manually defined ortholog groups, facilitates the linking of genomes to pathways. The KEGG modules, defined by Boolean expressions of K numbers, have been expanded to automate the interpretation of phenotypic features, particularly metabolic capacities. Reaction modules, which represent chemical units of reactions, have been used to analyze design principles of metabolic networks and improve the definition of K numbers and associated annotations. The KEGG MEDICUS resource, which integrates drug labels from Japan and the USA, has been developed to bring the genomic revolution to society. The article also highlights the importance of computational methods in the initial processing of data to extract information, while the KEGG resource plays a crucial role in compiling knowledge from information.The article discusses the development and expansion of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) resource, which serves as a reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of genome sequence data. KEGG has evolved from a pathway database focused on metabolism to a comprehensive resource that integrates various types of high-throughput data and supports translational bioinformatics. The KEGG Orthology system, which uses manually defined ortholog groups, facilitates the linking of genomes to pathways. The KEGG modules, defined by Boolean expressions of K numbers, have been expanded to automate the interpretation of phenotypic features, particularly metabolic capacities. Reaction modules, which represent chemical units of reactions, have been used to analyze design principles of metabolic networks and improve the definition of K numbers and associated annotations. The KEGG MEDICUS resource, which integrates drug labels from Japan and the USA, has been developed to bring the genomic revolution to society. The article also highlights the importance of computational methods in the initial processing of data to extract information, while the KEGG resource plays a crucial role in compiling knowledge from information.