Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) is a complex condition affecting both men and women, encompassing various diagnoses such as dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and endometriosis-associated pain. Despite its prevalence, the exact pathophysiology remains unclear, and a unified definition has not been established due to its overlap with other chronic conditions. CPP is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities like depression and anxiety, which must be assessed and treated for effective management. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines CPP as chronic or persistent pain in pelvic structures, often leading to negative cognitive, behavioral, sexual, and emotional consequences. The International Continence Society further classifies CPP without an obvious etiology as Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS). Psychological factors play a crucial role in the perception and behaviors associated with CPP. Commonly reported psychiatric conditions include depression and anxiety, along with somatic symptom disorders. Childhood physical and sexual abuse, early life emotional disturbances, and conflicts with parents are also significant risk factors. In the patient history, a common theme often emerges: a history of childhood depression, poor parental affection, and unsuccessful relationships, coupled with psychosexual dysfunctions. Patients frequently report gastrointestinal complaints, malaise, and non-specific low back pain, along with a history of multiple exploratory surgeries, which can negatively impact mental health. Diagnosis involves a detailed psychological and sexual history, supported by self-assessment questionnaires such as the Fear and Pain Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale. These tools help identify fear, anxiety, and catastrophizing, which are central components of the Fear Avoidance Model. Central sensitization and pain amplification are key concepts in CPP, where normal subthreshold stimuli are abnormally perceived and amplified, leading to visceral hyperalgesia. Early psychological intervention is essential and should be integrated into the treatment plan once a diagnosis is established.Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) is a complex condition affecting both men and women, encompassing various diagnoses such as dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and endometriosis-associated pain. Despite its prevalence, the exact pathophysiology remains unclear, and a unified definition has not been established due to its overlap with other chronic conditions. CPP is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities like depression and anxiety, which must be assessed and treated for effective management. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines CPP as chronic or persistent pain in pelvic structures, often leading to negative cognitive, behavioral, sexual, and emotional consequences. The International Continence Society further classifies CPP without an obvious etiology as Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS). Psychological factors play a crucial role in the perception and behaviors associated with CPP. Commonly reported psychiatric conditions include depression and anxiety, along with somatic symptom disorders. Childhood physical and sexual abuse, early life emotional disturbances, and conflicts with parents are also significant risk factors. In the patient history, a common theme often emerges: a history of childhood depression, poor parental affection, and unsuccessful relationships, coupled with psychosexual dysfunctions. Patients frequently report gastrointestinal complaints, malaise, and non-specific low back pain, along with a history of multiple exploratory surgeries, which can negatively impact mental health. Diagnosis involves a detailed psychological and sexual history, supported by self-assessment questionnaires such as the Fear and Pain Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale. These tools help identify fear, anxiety, and catastrophizing, which are central components of the Fear Avoidance Model. Central sensitization and pain amplification are key concepts in CPP, where normal subthreshold stimuli are abnormally perceived and amplified, leading to visceral hyperalgesia. Early psychological intervention is essential and should be integrated into the treatment plan once a diagnosis is established.