The paper presents a comprehensive study on the thermal control, power management, and performance of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) computing devices in satellite environments. The research investigates how satellite platforms and COTS devices interact in terms of temperature and energy, which are critical constraints for satellite computing. The study reveals that COTS devices on satellites face significant challenges due to the harsh space environment, including limited heat dissipation and energy constraints. The findings show that temperature and energy are major limiting factors for the performance and reliability of onboard COTS computing devices. The study conducted extensive measurements on a real satellite equipped with COTS computing devices, providing insights into the impact of temperature and energy on satellite computing. The results indicate that the heating of COTS device chips can lead to frequency throttling, reducing computational performance by up to 10%. The study also found that the surface temperature of COTS devices is influenced by the eclipse and daylight periods, with variations within ±5°C. Additionally, the power consumption of COTS devices can significantly impact the battery's Depth of Discharge (DoD), potentially exceeding 30% and affecting the satellite's operational lifespan. The study also highlights the potential for energy efficiency improvements by optimizing the scheduling of computing tasks to align with the satellite's energy collection cycles. The research provides guidelines for future work on optimizing the use of COTS devices for computing purposes and has released detailed datasets to facilitate further study in satellite computing. The findings emphasize the need for careful task scheduling and thermal management to ensure the long-term stability and reliability of satellite computing systems.The paper presents a comprehensive study on the thermal control, power management, and performance of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) computing devices in satellite environments. The research investigates how satellite platforms and COTS devices interact in terms of temperature and energy, which are critical constraints for satellite computing. The study reveals that COTS devices on satellites face significant challenges due to the harsh space environment, including limited heat dissipation and energy constraints. The findings show that temperature and energy are major limiting factors for the performance and reliability of onboard COTS computing devices. The study conducted extensive measurements on a real satellite equipped with COTS computing devices, providing insights into the impact of temperature and energy on satellite computing. The results indicate that the heating of COTS device chips can lead to frequency throttling, reducing computational performance by up to 10%. The study also found that the surface temperature of COTS devices is influenced by the eclipse and daylight periods, with variations within ±5°C. Additionally, the power consumption of COTS devices can significantly impact the battery's Depth of Discharge (DoD), potentially exceeding 30% and affecting the satellite's operational lifespan. The study also highlights the potential for energy efficiency improvements by optimizing the scheduling of computing tasks to align with the satellite's energy collection cycles. The research provides guidelines for future work on optimizing the use of COTS devices for computing purposes and has released detailed datasets to facilitate further study in satellite computing. The findings emphasize the need for careful task scheduling and thermal management to ensure the long-term stability and reliability of satellite computing systems.