The article reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamics of stem cells in hair follicle (HF) regeneration. HFSCs, MeSCs, and SG stem cells play crucial roles in maintaining hair growth cycles, skin pigmentation, and sebum production, respectively. These stem cells are regulated by internal and external signals, including transcription factors and signaling pathways such as BMP, FOXC1, NFATC1, Shh, and Wnt. The dermal papilla (DP) and other niche components, such as adipocytes, macrophages, and blood vessels, secrete factors that activate or maintain the quiescence of HFSCs. Immune privilege (IP) in HFs protects them from immune attacks, and its dysfunction is linked to inflammatory hair loss disorders like alopecia areata. Hormonal factors, aging, metabolic status, and stress also influence HFSC dynamics. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing treatments for hair and skin disorders. The review highlights the importance of niche factors and signaling pathways in regulating stem cell behavior and their potential therapeutic targets.The article reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamics of stem cells in hair follicle (HF) regeneration. HFSCs, MeSCs, and SG stem cells play crucial roles in maintaining hair growth cycles, skin pigmentation, and sebum production, respectively. These stem cells are regulated by internal and external signals, including transcription factors and signaling pathways such as BMP, FOXC1, NFATC1, Shh, and Wnt. The dermal papilla (DP) and other niche components, such as adipocytes, macrophages, and blood vessels, secrete factors that activate or maintain the quiescence of HFSCs. Immune privilege (IP) in HFs protects them from immune attacks, and its dysfunction is linked to inflammatory hair loss disorders like alopecia areata. Hormonal factors, aging, metabolic status, and stress also influence HFSC dynamics. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing treatments for hair and skin disorders. The review highlights the importance of niche factors and signaling pathways in regulating stem cell behavior and their potential therapeutic targets.