Dengue is a significant global health threat caused by four serotypes of the dengue virus, which is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Each year, there are approximately 50 million infections, with 500,000 hospitalizations for dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), mainly affecting children. The disease burden is substantial, with an estimated 1,300 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per million population in affected regions. Dengue has expanded its geographical range, with all four serotypes now present in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. The virus is associated with severe complications, including dengue shock syndrome (DSS), which can be fatal. Dengue pathogenesis involves complex interactions between the virus and the host, including antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), which can worsen disease severity. The virus infects mononuclear phagocytes, leading to increased viral replication and inflammatory responses. The severity of dengue infections varies with age and immune status, with secondary infections being more severe. Diagnosis of dengue is challenging due to the wide range of clinical presentations. Laboratory confirmation is crucial, and methods include virus isolation, serological testing, and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Serological tests such as MAC-ELISA and IgG ELISA are commonly used, but they have limitations, including cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Control and prevention strategies include vector control, active surveillance, and public health education. Integrated vector management is essential, involving environmental management, larvicides, and biological control agents. Vaccines are a key focus of research, with several candidates in development. Despite the challenges, improved diagnostics, vaccines, and antiviral drugs are expected to play a critical role in dengue control. The global strategy emphasizes the need for improved surveillance, behavior change, and integrated vector management to reduce the disease burden.Dengue is a significant global health threat caused by four serotypes of the dengue virus, which is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Each year, there are approximately 50 million infections, with 500,000 hospitalizations for dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), mainly affecting children. The disease burden is substantial, with an estimated 1,300 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per million population in affected regions. Dengue has expanded its geographical range, with all four serotypes now present in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. The virus is associated with severe complications, including dengue shock syndrome (DSS), which can be fatal. Dengue pathogenesis involves complex interactions between the virus and the host, including antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), which can worsen disease severity. The virus infects mononuclear phagocytes, leading to increased viral replication and inflammatory responses. The severity of dengue infections varies with age and immune status, with secondary infections being more severe. Diagnosis of dengue is challenging due to the wide range of clinical presentations. Laboratory confirmation is crucial, and methods include virus isolation, serological testing, and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Serological tests such as MAC-ELISA and IgG ELISA are commonly used, but they have limitations, including cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Control and prevention strategies include vector control, active surveillance, and public health education. Integrated vector management is essential, involving environmental management, larvicides, and biological control agents. Vaccines are a key focus of research, with several candidates in development. Despite the challenges, improved diagnostics, vaccines, and antiviral drugs are expected to play a critical role in dengue control. The global strategy emphasizes the need for improved surveillance, behavior change, and integrated vector management to reduce the disease burden.