Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are viral diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue is a global public health problem, with outbreaks occurring in many tropical regions. The disease has a long history, with early records dating back to ancient China. The first known dengue pandemic occurred in the 18th century, and the disease has since spread globally, with increasing incidence and severity. The emergence of DHF, a more severe form of the disease, has been linked to the cocirculation of multiple dengue virus serotypes. Factors contributing to the increased incidence of dengue include population growth, urbanization, lack of effective mosquito control, and increased air travel. Dengue is now found in many parts of the world, with over 2.5 billion people living in areas where it is endemic. Dengue fever causes more illness and death than any other arbovirus disease. DHF is a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children in many Southeast Asian countries. The disease is characterized by fever, headache, and rash, with more severe symptoms in DHF. Diagnosis involves serologic tests, virus isolation, and molecular techniques such as PCR. Prevention and control measures include vaccination, mosquito control, and prevention of dengue in travelers. The pathogenesis of dengue involves viral and host immune factors, with the secondary infection hypothesis suggesting that prior exposure to a different dengue serotype increases the risk of severe disease. Laboratory diagnosis includes serologic tests, virus isolation, and molecular techniques. The disease is generally self-limiting, but severe cases can be life-threatening. The role of immune factors in the pathogenesis of dengue is complex, with both viral and host immune factors contributing to the severity of the disease. The development of DHF is influenced by the interaction between the virus and the host's immune system. The disease is a significant public health problem, with increasing incidence and severity in many parts of the world. Effective prevention and control measures are essential to reduce the burden of dengue and DHF.Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are viral diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue is a global public health problem, with outbreaks occurring in many tropical regions. The disease has a long history, with early records dating back to ancient China. The first known dengue pandemic occurred in the 18th century, and the disease has since spread globally, with increasing incidence and severity. The emergence of DHF, a more severe form of the disease, has been linked to the cocirculation of multiple dengue virus serotypes. Factors contributing to the increased incidence of dengue include population growth, urbanization, lack of effective mosquito control, and increased air travel. Dengue is now found in many parts of the world, with over 2.5 billion people living in areas where it is endemic. Dengue fever causes more illness and death than any other arbovirus disease. DHF is a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children in many Southeast Asian countries. The disease is characterized by fever, headache, and rash, with more severe symptoms in DHF. Diagnosis involves serologic tests, virus isolation, and molecular techniques such as PCR. Prevention and control measures include vaccination, mosquito control, and prevention of dengue in travelers. The pathogenesis of dengue involves viral and host immune factors, with the secondary infection hypothesis suggesting that prior exposure to a different dengue serotype increases the risk of severe disease. Laboratory diagnosis includes serologic tests, virus isolation, and molecular techniques. The disease is generally self-limiting, but severe cases can be life-threatening. The role of immune factors in the pathogenesis of dengue is complex, with both viral and host immune factors contributing to the severity of the disease. The development of DHF is influenced by the interaction between the virus and the host's immune system. The disease is a significant public health problem, with increasing incidence and severity in many parts of the world. Effective prevention and control measures are essential to reduce the burden of dengue and DHF.