The article discusses the challenges and importance of designing and evaluating complex interventions in healthcare. Complex interventions, which consist of multiple components acting independently and interdependently, can be difficult to evaluate due to their multifaceted nature. The Medical Research Council (MRC) framework provides a stepwise approach to developing and evaluating these interventions, but it needs further development. The authors suggest an iterative process where the first three phases of the MRC framework—preclinical or theoretical, modelling, and exploratory or pilot trials—are conducted simultaneously to better understand the problem, intervention, and evaluation. Context is crucial, as it influences the effectiveness of interventions and their applicability in different settings. The article emphasizes the need for thorough contextual research, problem definition, intervention development, and evaluation design. It also highlights the importance of collecting evidence, conceptualizing the problem, and optimizing the intervention through various methods. The process aims to ensure that interventions are well-designed, effective, and cost-efficient, ultimately leading to meaningful improvements in healthcare.The article discusses the challenges and importance of designing and evaluating complex interventions in healthcare. Complex interventions, which consist of multiple components acting independently and interdependently, can be difficult to evaluate due to their multifaceted nature. The Medical Research Council (MRC) framework provides a stepwise approach to developing and evaluating these interventions, but it needs further development. The authors suggest an iterative process where the first three phases of the MRC framework—preclinical or theoretical, modelling, and exploratory or pilot trials—are conducted simultaneously to better understand the problem, intervention, and evaluation. Context is crucial, as it influences the effectiveness of interventions and their applicability in different settings. The article emphasizes the need for thorough contextual research, problem definition, intervention development, and evaluation design. It also highlights the importance of collecting evidence, conceptualizing the problem, and optimizing the intervention through various methods. The process aims to ensure that interventions are well-designed, effective, and cost-efficient, ultimately leading to meaningful improvements in healthcare.