The article reviews the design and synthesis of transition metal (TM)-based porous architectures for supercapacitor electrodes. It highlights the importance of these structures in enhancing ion/electron transport, modulating electronic structure, and reducing strain relaxation. The review covers various synthesis strategies, including template-mediated assembly, thermal decomposition, chemical deposition, and host–guest hybridization. Each strategy's conversion mechanisms and advantages are discussed, along with the challenges and prospects of porous TM-based materials. The article also categorizes TM-based electrode materials into different species, such as oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, phosphides, and carbides, detailing their crystalline phases, electronic structures, and microstructure evolution. Finally, it presents the challenges and future directions in the field, emphasizing the need for further research to improve the performance of supercapacitors.The article reviews the design and synthesis of transition metal (TM)-based porous architectures for supercapacitor electrodes. It highlights the importance of these structures in enhancing ion/electron transport, modulating electronic structure, and reducing strain relaxation. The review covers various synthesis strategies, including template-mediated assembly, thermal decomposition, chemical deposition, and host–guest hybridization. Each strategy's conversion mechanisms and advantages are discussed, along with the challenges and prospects of porous TM-based materials. The article also categorizes TM-based electrode materials into different species, such as oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, phosphides, and carbides, detailing their crystalline phases, electronic structures, and microstructure evolution. Finally, it presents the challenges and future directions in the field, emphasizing the need for further research to improve the performance of supercapacitors.