This review summarizes recent advances in designing transition metal (TM)-based porous architectures for supercapacitor electrodes. The paper discusses various synthesis strategies, including template-mediated assembly, thermal decomposition, chemical deposition, and host-guest hybridization, and their corresponding conversion mechanisms. It also categorizes TM-based electrode materials into oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, phosphides, carbides, and other TM species, detailing their crystalline phase, electronic structure, and microstructure evolution to optimize electrochemical energy storage capacity. The review highlights the importance of designing porous architectures to enhance ion/electron transport, modulate electronic structure, and reduce strain relaxation, thereby improving the performance of supercapacitors. Challenges and future prospects of porous TM-based electrodes are also discussed to guide further research in this field. The synthesis strategies are analyzed in detail, with a focus on their merits and demerits in creating porous structures. The review emphasizes the role of porous structures in enhancing the energy density and power density of supercapacitors, and the potential of TM-based materials in energy storage applications. The paper also discusses the use of MOFs as precursors for creating porous nanostructures and the advantages of thermal conversion strategies in producing TM-based electrodes with controlled porosity and morphology. The review concludes that the design of porous TM-based electrodes is crucial for the development of high-performance supercapacitors and other energy storage devices.This review summarizes recent advances in designing transition metal (TM)-based porous architectures for supercapacitor electrodes. The paper discusses various synthesis strategies, including template-mediated assembly, thermal decomposition, chemical deposition, and host-guest hybridization, and their corresponding conversion mechanisms. It also categorizes TM-based electrode materials into oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, phosphides, carbides, and other TM species, detailing their crystalline phase, electronic structure, and microstructure evolution to optimize electrochemical energy storage capacity. The review highlights the importance of designing porous architectures to enhance ion/electron transport, modulate electronic structure, and reduce strain relaxation, thereby improving the performance of supercapacitors. Challenges and future prospects of porous TM-based electrodes are also discussed to guide further research in this field. The synthesis strategies are analyzed in detail, with a focus on their merits and demerits in creating porous structures. The review emphasizes the role of porous structures in enhancing the energy density and power density of supercapacitors, and the potential of TM-based materials in energy storage applications. The paper also discusses the use of MOFs as precursors for creating porous nanostructures and the advantages of thermal conversion strategies in producing TM-based electrodes with controlled porosity and morphology. The review concludes that the design of porous TM-based electrodes is crucial for the development of high-performance supercapacitors and other energy storage devices.