22 May 2024 | Bhishma Karki, Partha Sarkar, K. H. Mahmoud, A. SA. Alsubaie, Manoj Sharma
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on tungsten ditelluride (WTe₂) is proposed for the detection of organic materials such as pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane. The sensor uses a WTe₂ layer on a metal layer to achieve high sensitivity. Theoretical sensitivity values are 185.58 deg. RIU⁻¹, 202.42 deg. RIU⁻¹, 208 deg. RIU⁻¹, and 213.75 deg. RIU⁻¹. The Ag metal layer is most suitable for the Kretschmann configuration due to its high sensitivity. MATLAB simulations were used to optimize layer thicknesses for high sensitivity. The proposed sensor is found to be more suitable than previous research for the stated application. SPR sensors offer high sensitivity, no damage, no labeling, and real-time analysis. Gold (Au) is commonly used due to its optical properties and chemical stability, but silver (Ag) has higher sensitivity and detection accuracy. However, Ag is more prone to oxidation and degradation. Copper (Cu) is also used in low-cost applications. Other metals like aluminum (Al), palladium (Pd), and platinum (Pt) have been studied but are less common due to cost and oxidation issues. Two-dimensional materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), are promising for SPR sensors due to their high absorption of visible to near-infrared light. WTe₂, a TMDC, has non-saturable large magnetoresistance and is a Weyl semimetal. It has excellent properties such as temperature-driven Lifshitz transition, pressure-induced superconductivity, and spin-orbit structure. The sensor uses a WTe₂-coated metal prism and detects changes in the analyte's refractive index (RI) through changes in the reflectance curve's resonance angle. The sensor has higher sensitivity, better detection accuracy, and a higher figure of merit compared to conventional sensors. The refractive index of the constituent layers is discussed, with the analyte adsorption shifting the reflectance curve's dip position. The sensor uses a 633 nm wavelength for maximum performance with surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The BK7 prism has an RI of 1.5151, and the Ag layer has an RI of 0.0803 + 4.2347i. The WTe₂ layer has a complex RI of 3.4187 + 1.3330i at a thickness of 0.70 nm. The refractive indices of organic materials are given in Table 1. The reflection intensity and coefficient for p-polarized light are measured using the transfer matrix method (TMM) with N-layer modeling. The sensorA surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on tungsten ditelluride (WTe₂) is proposed for the detection of organic materials such as pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane. The sensor uses a WTe₂ layer on a metal layer to achieve high sensitivity. Theoretical sensitivity values are 185.58 deg. RIU⁻¹, 202.42 deg. RIU⁻¹, 208 deg. RIU⁻¹, and 213.75 deg. RIU⁻¹. The Ag metal layer is most suitable for the Kretschmann configuration due to its high sensitivity. MATLAB simulations were used to optimize layer thicknesses for high sensitivity. The proposed sensor is found to be more suitable than previous research for the stated application. SPR sensors offer high sensitivity, no damage, no labeling, and real-time analysis. Gold (Au) is commonly used due to its optical properties and chemical stability, but silver (Ag) has higher sensitivity and detection accuracy. However, Ag is more prone to oxidation and degradation. Copper (Cu) is also used in low-cost applications. Other metals like aluminum (Al), palladium (Pd), and platinum (Pt) have been studied but are less common due to cost and oxidation issues. Two-dimensional materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), are promising for SPR sensors due to their high absorption of visible to near-infrared light. WTe₂, a TMDC, has non-saturable large magnetoresistance and is a Weyl semimetal. It has excellent properties such as temperature-driven Lifshitz transition, pressure-induced superconductivity, and spin-orbit structure. The sensor uses a WTe₂-coated metal prism and detects changes in the analyte's refractive index (RI) through changes in the reflectance curve's resonance angle. The sensor has higher sensitivity, better detection accuracy, and a higher figure of merit compared to conventional sensors. The refractive index of the constituent layers is discussed, with the analyte adsorption shifting the reflectance curve's dip position. The sensor uses a 633 nm wavelength for maximum performance with surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The BK7 prism has an RI of 1.5151, and the Ag layer has an RI of 0.0803 + 4.2347i. The WTe₂ layer has a complex RI of 3.4187 + 1.3330i at a thickness of 0.70 nm. The refractive indices of organic materials are given in Table 1. The reflection intensity and coefficient for p-polarized light are measured using the transfer matrix method (TMM) with N-layer modeling. The sensor