Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)

Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)

Accepted: 24 March 2011/Published online: 9 April 2011 | M. Herdman · C. Gudex · A. Lloyd · MF. Janssen · P. Kind · D. Parkin · G. Bonsel · X. Badia
This article introduces the new 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) health status measure, developed by the EuroQol Group to improve the instrument's sensitivity and reduce ceiling effects. The study was conducted in the United Kingdom and Spain, using response scaling and focus groups to identify severity labels for five dimensions (Mobility, Self-Care, Usual Activities, Pain/Discomfort, and Anxiety/Depression). Two alternative 5-level versions were identified, with participants generally preferring the 'slight-moderate-severe' labels. Focus groups confirmed the face and content validity of the new versions, though further testing is needed to determine their psychometric properties. The EQ-5D-5L is expected to have better discriminative capacity and sensitivity to change compared to the existing 3-level version.This article introduces the new 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) health status measure, developed by the EuroQol Group to improve the instrument's sensitivity and reduce ceiling effects. The study was conducted in the United Kingdom and Spain, using response scaling and focus groups to identify severity labels for five dimensions (Mobility, Self-Care, Usual Activities, Pain/Discomfort, and Anxiety/Depression). Two alternative 5-level versions were identified, with participants generally preferring the 'slight-moderate-severe' labels. Focus groups confirmed the face and content validity of the new versions, though further testing is needed to determine their psychometric properties. The EQ-5D-5L is expected to have better discriminative capacity and sensitivity to change compared to the existing 3-level version.
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