Development in the Synthesis of Bioactive Thiazole-Based Heterocyclic Hybrids Utilizing Phenacyl Bromide

Development in the Synthesis of Bioactive Thiazole-Based Heterocyclic Hybrids Utilizing Phenacyl Bromide

April 16, 2024 | Ginna Kumari, Sudeep Dhillon, Priyanka Rani, Mamta Chahal, Deepak Kumar Aneja, and Mayank Kinger
This review focuses on the synthesis of thiazole-based heterocyclic hybrids using phenacyl bromide as a substrate, specifically through the (3 + 2) heterocyclization reaction, known as the Hantzsch-thiazole synthesis. Thiazole pharmacophore fragments, found in natural products such as peptide alkaloids and metabolites, have demonstrated a broad spectrum of pharmacological potentials. The review systematically presents robust methodologies for the synthesis of thiazole-linked hybrids, highlighting their enhanced drug efficacy, reduced resistance, and minimized toxicity. The resulting hybrids exhibit a variety of medicinal properties, including anticancer, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. The review is structured into two main sections: thiazolyl-pyrazoline and thiazolyl-pyrazole hybrids, each further divided into subcategories based on the number of members in the heterocyclic ring and the type of heterocyclic moiety. Detailed synthetic procedures, biological activities, and in vitro evaluations of the synthesized compounds are provided, along with comparisons to reference drugs and in silico studies to support the therapeutic potential of these hybrids.This review focuses on the synthesis of thiazole-based heterocyclic hybrids using phenacyl bromide as a substrate, specifically through the (3 + 2) heterocyclization reaction, known as the Hantzsch-thiazole synthesis. Thiazole pharmacophore fragments, found in natural products such as peptide alkaloids and metabolites, have demonstrated a broad spectrum of pharmacological potentials. The review systematically presents robust methodologies for the synthesis of thiazole-linked hybrids, highlighting their enhanced drug efficacy, reduced resistance, and minimized toxicity. The resulting hybrids exhibit a variety of medicinal properties, including anticancer, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. The review is structured into two main sections: thiazolyl-pyrazoline and thiazolyl-pyrazole hybrids, each further divided into subcategories based on the number of members in the heterocyclic ring and the type of heterocyclic moiety. Detailed synthetic procedures, biological activities, and in vitro evaluations of the synthesized compounds are provided, along with comparisons to reference drugs and in silico studies to support the therapeutic potential of these hybrids.
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