The study investigates the development of distinct control networks in the brain through segregation and integration processes. Using resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI), the researchers compared the network structure of putative task-control regions in children, adolescents, and adults. They found that the control network architecture in children significantly deviated from the adult organization, with the two networks being connected by the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) regions. Additionally, the dorsal anterior cingulate/medial superior frontal cortex (dACC/msFC) region was closely connected to the frontoparietal network. With age, there was segregation of the aPFC and dACC/msFC regions from the frontoparietal network and integration of the dACC/msFC region into the cinguloopercular network. The results also showed an increase in long-range connections and a decrease in short-range connections with age, suggesting that these developmental processes support the maturation of a dual-network control system. These findings have implications for understanding developmental disorders such as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Tourette’s syndrome.The study investigates the development of distinct control networks in the brain through segregation and integration processes. Using resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI), the researchers compared the network structure of putative task-control regions in children, adolescents, and adults. They found that the control network architecture in children significantly deviated from the adult organization, with the two networks being connected by the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) regions. Additionally, the dorsal anterior cingulate/medial superior frontal cortex (dACC/msFC) region was closely connected to the frontoparietal network. With age, there was segregation of the aPFC and dACC/msFC regions from the frontoparietal network and integration of the dACC/msFC region into the cinguloopercular network. The results also showed an increase in long-range connections and a decrease in short-range connections with age, suggesting that these developmental processes support the maturation of a dual-network control system. These findings have implications for understanding developmental disorders such as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Tourette’s syndrome.