Development on inverted perovskite solar cells: A review

Development on inverted perovskite solar cells: A review

2024 | Emmanuel A. Nyiekaa, Timothy A. Aika, Patience E. Orukpe, Christopher E. Akhubue, Eli Danladi
Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have gained significant attention due to their high stability, low hysteresis, and low-temperature fabrication. This review discusses recent advancements in IPSCs, focusing on power conversion efficiency (PCE), structural configurations, mixed cations and halides, fabrication methods, charge transport materials, and interface engineering. IPSCs offer advantages such as simple fabrication, tunable bandgap, and suitability for flexible solar cells. Recent developments have achieved PCEs exceeding 25%, with some inverted perovskite mini-modules reaching 21.07% PCE. IPSCs also exhibit excellent stability under damp heat conditions, retaining 95% of their initial efficiency after 1000 hours. The review highlights the importance of materials like FA⁺ and Cs⁺ in enhancing thermal stability and PCE. Various fabrication techniques, including vacuum deposition, two-step and one-step solution methods, and slot-die coating, have been explored to improve perovskite film quality and device performance. Mixed-cation perovskite films, such as FA⁺/MA⁺ and FA⁺/MA⁺/Cs⁺, have shown improved crystallinity and PCE. The use of additives and interface engineering has also been crucial in enhancing device performance. Overall, IPSCs show great potential for commercialization due to their high efficiency, stability, and compatibility with flexible and large-area applications.Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have gained significant attention due to their high stability, low hysteresis, and low-temperature fabrication. This review discusses recent advancements in IPSCs, focusing on power conversion efficiency (PCE), structural configurations, mixed cations and halides, fabrication methods, charge transport materials, and interface engineering. IPSCs offer advantages such as simple fabrication, tunable bandgap, and suitability for flexible solar cells. Recent developments have achieved PCEs exceeding 25%, with some inverted perovskite mini-modules reaching 21.07% PCE. IPSCs also exhibit excellent stability under damp heat conditions, retaining 95% of their initial efficiency after 1000 hours. The review highlights the importance of materials like FA⁺ and Cs⁺ in enhancing thermal stability and PCE. Various fabrication techniques, including vacuum deposition, two-step and one-step solution methods, and slot-die coating, have been explored to improve perovskite film quality and device performance. Mixed-cation perovskite films, such as FA⁺/MA⁺ and FA⁺/MA⁺/Cs⁺, have shown improved crystallinity and PCE. The use of additives and interface engineering has also been crucial in enhancing device performance. Overall, IPSCs show great potential for commercialization due to their high efficiency, stability, and compatibility with flexible and large-area applications.
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