Catalysis Science & Technology is a journal that publishes peer-reviewed research on catalysis. This article discusses the development and perspectives of oxide-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis. The OER is a critical step in water electrolysis, and improving its efficiency and stability is essential for the widespread adoption of water electrolysis technologies. The article reviews recent theoretical and experimental studies on oxide-based catalysts for the OER in both acidic and alkaline environments. It highlights the importance of catalysts with high catalytic activity and stability, and discusses the challenges in developing such catalysts. The article also discusses the mechanisms of the OER, the factors influencing its kinetics and thermodynamics, and the requirements for effective oxygen evolution catalysts. It concludes by discussing the potential of oxide-based catalysts for use in polymer electrolyte water electrolysers (PEWEs) and the challenges in their development.Catalysis Science & Technology is a journal that publishes peer-reviewed research on catalysis. This article discusses the development and perspectives of oxide-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis. The OER is a critical step in water electrolysis, and improving its efficiency and stability is essential for the widespread adoption of water electrolysis technologies. The article reviews recent theoretical and experimental studies on oxide-based catalysts for the OER in both acidic and alkaline environments. It highlights the importance of catalysts with high catalytic activity and stability, and discusses the challenges in developing such catalysts. The article also discusses the mechanisms of the OER, the factors influencing its kinetics and thermodynamics, and the requirements for effective oxygen evolution catalysts. It concludes by discussing the potential of oxide-based catalysts for use in polymer electrolyte water electrolysers (PEWEs) and the challenges in their development.