Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for dementia, as evidenced by numerous epidemiological studies. The longer the duration of diabetes and the less well-controlled it is, the higher the risk of developing dementia. Pathophysiological processes in diabetes contribute to neuropathological changes in vascular and Alzheimer's dementia. Current therapeutic approaches, such as lifestyle modifications, metformin, insulin sensitizers, and insulin administration, are being investigated for their neuroprotective potential and have shown promising results. Given the high prevalence of diabetes, effective prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce the incidence of dementia. - Understand the different forms and classifications of dementia. - Explain the pathophysiological link between diabetes and dementia. - Identify practical methods for diagnosing cognitive disorders. - Inform diabetes patients about novel therapeutic approaches for preventing dementia. Dementia refers to a significant loss of cognitive function that impairs daily life. The number of dementia cases is expected to rise in the coming years. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important treatable risk factors for dementia, accelerating typical pathophysiological processes in vascular and Alzheimer's dementia and contributing to neuronal loss. Effective prevention, early diagnosis, and adequate treatment of diabetes can delay the onset of dementia. Additionally, some effective therapies for diabetes have shown promise in preventing cognitive disorders and are being further investigated. According to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Edition (ICD-10), dementia is categorized into: - Dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease, - Vascular dementia, and - Secondary dementia due to other conditions. By pathogenesis, dementia is classified into: - Neurodegenerative forms (Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies), - Vascular-related forms, and - Mixed forms. Further, dementia is divided into cortical and subcortical forms, based on the location of the lesion (cortex or basal ganglia) and clinical presentation.Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for dementia, as evidenced by numerous epidemiological studies. The longer the duration of diabetes and the less well-controlled it is, the higher the risk of developing dementia. Pathophysiological processes in diabetes contribute to neuropathological changes in vascular and Alzheimer's dementia. Current therapeutic approaches, such as lifestyle modifications, metformin, insulin sensitizers, and insulin administration, are being investigated for their neuroprotective potential and have shown promising results. Given the high prevalence of diabetes, effective prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce the incidence of dementia. - Understand the different forms and classifications of dementia. - Explain the pathophysiological link between diabetes and dementia. - Identify practical methods for diagnosing cognitive disorders. - Inform diabetes patients about novel therapeutic approaches for preventing dementia. Dementia refers to a significant loss of cognitive function that impairs daily life. The number of dementia cases is expected to rise in the coming years. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important treatable risk factors for dementia, accelerating typical pathophysiological processes in vascular and Alzheimer's dementia and contributing to neuronal loss. Effective prevention, early diagnosis, and adequate treatment of diabetes can delay the onset of dementia. Additionally, some effective therapies for diabetes have shown promise in preventing cognitive disorders and are being further investigated. According to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Edition (ICD-10), dementia is categorized into: - Dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease, - Vascular dementia, and - Secondary dementia due to other conditions. By pathogenesis, dementia is classified into: - Neurodegenerative forms (Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies), - Vascular-related forms, and - Mixed forms. Further, dementia is divided into cortical and subcortical forms, based on the location of the lesion (cortex or basal ganglia) and clinical presentation.