This article discusses the relationship between diabetes mellitus and dementia, highlighting diabetes as a significant risk factor for dementia. Numerous epidemiological studies have confirmed this association, with the risk of dementia increasing as the duration of diabetes increases and treatment becomes inadequate. Pathological processes in diabetes may contribute to neuropathological changes seen in vascular and Alzheimer's dementia. Current therapeutic approaches for diabetes, such as lifestyle changes, metformin, insulin sensitizers, and insulin, are being investigated for their neuroprotective potential and have shown promising results. Due to its high prevalence, diabetes is gaining increasing importance in the prevention and treatment of dementia. Early diagnosis and appropriate diabetes treatment may help delay the onset of dementia. The article also outlines the classification of dementia according to the ICD-10, including Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia, and secondary dementia. It further differentiates dementia based on pathogenesis into neurodegenerative, vascular, and mixed forms, as well as cortical and subcortical dementia. The article emphasizes the importance of effective prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes in reducing the incidence of dementia. Keywords include Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, amyloid, glucose, and insulin. The learning objectives include understanding the different forms and classifications of dementia, explaining the pathophysiological link between diabetes and dementia, and providing practical approaches to diagnosing cognitive disorders. The article also highlights the potential of new therapeutic approaches for diabetes in the prevention of dementia.This article discusses the relationship between diabetes mellitus and dementia, highlighting diabetes as a significant risk factor for dementia. Numerous epidemiological studies have confirmed this association, with the risk of dementia increasing as the duration of diabetes increases and treatment becomes inadequate. Pathological processes in diabetes may contribute to neuropathological changes seen in vascular and Alzheimer's dementia. Current therapeutic approaches for diabetes, such as lifestyle changes, metformin, insulin sensitizers, and insulin, are being investigated for their neuroprotective potential and have shown promising results. Due to its high prevalence, diabetes is gaining increasing importance in the prevention and treatment of dementia. Early diagnosis and appropriate diabetes treatment may help delay the onset of dementia. The article also outlines the classification of dementia according to the ICD-10, including Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia, and secondary dementia. It further differentiates dementia based on pathogenesis into neurodegenerative, vascular, and mixed forms, as well as cortical and subcortical dementia. The article emphasizes the importance of effective prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes in reducing the incidence of dementia. Keywords include Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, amyloid, glucose, and insulin. The learning objectives include understanding the different forms and classifications of dementia, explaining the pathophysiological link between diabetes and dementia, and providing practical approaches to diagnosing cognitive disorders. The article also highlights the potential of new therapeutic approaches for diabetes in the prevention of dementia.