The consensus report by the American Diabetes Association and the American Cancer Society reviews the scientific evidence linking diabetes to cancer incidence and prognosis, common risk factors, potential biological links, and the impact of diabetes treatments on cancer risk. The report highlights that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, particularly liver, pancreas, and endometrium, while it reduces the risk of prostate cancer. The mechanisms behind these associations include hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and chronic inflammation. The report also discusses the potential effects of diabetes treatments, such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, insulin secretagogues, and incretin-based therapies, on cancer risk and prognosis. However, many questions remain unanswered, particularly regarding the specific mechanisms and the long-term effects of these treatments. The report emphasizes the need for further research to clarify these uncertainties and improve understanding of the relationship between diabetes and cancer.The consensus report by the American Diabetes Association and the American Cancer Society reviews the scientific evidence linking diabetes to cancer incidence and prognosis, common risk factors, potential biological links, and the impact of diabetes treatments on cancer risk. The report highlights that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, particularly liver, pancreas, and endometrium, while it reduces the risk of prostate cancer. The mechanisms behind these associations include hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and chronic inflammation. The report also discusses the potential effects of diabetes treatments, such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, insulin secretagogues, and incretin-based therapies, on cancer risk and prognosis. However, many questions remain unanswered, particularly regarding the specific mechanisms and the long-term effects of these treatments. The report emphasizes the need for further research to clarify these uncertainties and improve understanding of the relationship between diabetes and cancer.