A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the role of orthodontic treatment, specifically rapid maxillary expansion (RME), in the management of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children. The study analyzed 16 relevant publications, focusing on clinical outcomes and effectiveness of RME in improving upper airway patency and reducing OSAS symptoms. RME is considered the preferred orthodontic treatment for pediatric OSAS, as it increases the transverse diameter of the hard palate by reopening the mid-palatal suture, thereby improving airway dimensions and nasal breathing. The review also highlights that while RME is effective, OSAS is a multifactorial disorder and may not always be resolved solely through orthodontic treatment. Other treatment options, such as adenotonsillectomy, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bariatric surgery, are also discussed. The study emphasizes the importance of early orthodontic intervention in managing OSAS, particularly in children with maxillary contraction and dental malocclusion. The review concludes that RME shows promising results in improving cephalometric measurements and upper airway dimensions, contributing to better sleep and breathing patterns. However, further research is needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of orthodontic treatments in managing OSAS in children.A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the role of orthodontic treatment, specifically rapid maxillary expansion (RME), in the management of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children. The study analyzed 16 relevant publications, focusing on clinical outcomes and effectiveness of RME in improving upper airway patency and reducing OSAS symptoms. RME is considered the preferred orthodontic treatment for pediatric OSAS, as it increases the transverse diameter of the hard palate by reopening the mid-palatal suture, thereby improving airway dimensions and nasal breathing. The review also highlights that while RME is effective, OSAS is a multifactorial disorder and may not always be resolved solely through orthodontic treatment. Other treatment options, such as adenotonsillectomy, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bariatric surgery, are also discussed. The study emphasizes the importance of early orthodontic intervention in managing OSAS, particularly in children with maxillary contraction and dental malocclusion. The review concludes that RME shows promising results in improving cephalometric measurements and upper airway dimensions, contributing to better sleep and breathing patterns. However, further research is needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of orthodontic treatments in managing OSAS in children.