This review examines the evidence linking diet and nutrition to obesity and proposes strategies to reduce its prevalence. Protective factors against obesity include regular physical activity, high intake of dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)/fiber, supportive home and school environments, and breastfeeding. Risk factors include sedentary lifestyles, high intake of energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods, heavy marketing of energy-dense foods, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, and adverse social and economic conditions. Strategies to reduce obesity include influencing food supply to make healthy choices easier, reducing marketing of energy-dense foods to children, promoting physical activity in urban environments, developing community-wide programs, increasing communication about healthy eating and physical activity, and improving health services to support breastfeeding and manage overweight or obese individuals. The review highlights the increasing global prevalence of obesity and the need for comprehensive programs to address this health threat.This review examines the evidence linking diet and nutrition to obesity and proposes strategies to reduce its prevalence. Protective factors against obesity include regular physical activity, high intake of dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)/fiber, supportive home and school environments, and breastfeeding. Risk factors include sedentary lifestyles, high intake of energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods, heavy marketing of energy-dense foods, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, and adverse social and economic conditions. Strategies to reduce obesity include influencing food supply to make healthy choices easier, reducing marketing of energy-dense foods to children, promoting physical activity in urban environments, developing community-wide programs, increasing communication about healthy eating and physical activity, and improving health services to support breastfeeding and manage overweight or obese individuals. The review highlights the increasing global prevalence of obesity and the need for comprehensive programs to address this health threat.